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Interpretaion of 2D-Seismic Reflection Data of Kabir Wala Area of Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Tarar Wasim Bashir

Department

Deptt. of Earth Sciences, QAU.

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2004

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

56

Subject

Earth Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Sc ES/665

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676719092824

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سیالکوٹ میں اردو غزل اقبال سے صابر ظفر تک

سیالکوٹ میں اردوغزل (اقبال سے صابر ظفر تک)

علامہ اقبالؒ کی شاعری کا ایک بڑا حصہ غزلیہ اشعار پر مشتمل ہے۔بانگِ درا،بالِ جبریل  اور ضربِ کلیم شعری مجموعوں میں اقبالؒ کی کثیر تعداد میں غزلیں ملاحظہ کی جا سکتی ہیں۔ان میں کچھ مسلسل غزلیں بھی  ہیں جن میں ایک ہی طرح کے مضامین ملتے ہیں۔اقبالؒ داغ دہلوی کے شاگرد تھے ان کی ابتدائی شاعری پر داغ کے اثرات دیکھے جا سکتے ہیں۔"باقیاتِ اقبال "کے نام سے مختلف محققین نے اقبالؒ کا جو منسوخ کلام  مرتب  کیا ہے ان پر بھی داغ کا رنگ واضح نظر آتا ہے۔بانگ ِ درا کی کچھ غزلوں میں بھی داغ کا اندازِ بیان دیکھا جا سکتا ہے۔اگرچہ اقبالؒ کی غزل کے مضامین کلاسیکل اور روایتی شاعری سے منفرد ہیں لیکن کہیں کہیں کلاسیکل اور روایتی رنگ دیکھا جا سکتا ہے۔اس حوالے سے کلام ِ اقبال ملاحظہ ہو:
مانا کہ تیری دید کے قابل  نہیں ہوں میں
تو میرا شوق دیکھ میرا انتظار دیکھ
کھولی ہیں ذوقِ دید نے آنکھیں تری اگر
ہر رہگزر میں نقش کف پائے یار دیکھ1
نہ آتے ہمیں اس میں تکرار کیا تھی
مگر وعدہ کرتے ہوئے عار کیا تھی
تمہارے پیامی نے سب راز کھولا
خطا اس میں بندے کی سرکار کیا تھی
بھری بزم میں اپنے عاشق کو تاڑا
تری آنکھ مستی میں ہشیار کیا تھی
تامل تو تھا ان کو آنے میں قاصد
مگر یہ بتا طرزِ انکار کیا تھی2
موت کا نسخہ ابھی باقی ہے اے درد فراق
چارہ گر دیوانہ ہے ،میں لادوا کیونکر ہوا
میرے مٹنے کا تماشا دیکھنے کی چیز تھی
کیا بتاؤں ان کا میرا سامنا کیونکر ہوا3
انوکھی وضع ہے سارے زمانے سے نرالے ہیں
یہ عاشق کو ن سی بستی کے یا رب !رہنے والے ہیں
رلاتی ہے مجھے راتوں کو خاموشی ستاروں کی
نرالا عشق ہے میرا...

غیر مسلم كی شہادت كی شرعی حیثیت

vidence of non-Musims in Islamic perspective. It is the responsibility of an Islamic state to ensure justice in all walks of life. Islamic law provides justice to all its citizens, irrespective of their race, colour and religion etc. There is a difference of opinion amongst the jurists as to whether a non-Muslim can be a witness for or against a Muslim or not? As for as the matters of giving evidence in favour of or against each other amongst themselves is concerned, so, majority of the jurists say that of is permissible. This research article deals with this issued opinions of the jurists have been presented with their arguments

Comparative Study of As-Grown and Doped Zns Thin Films for Optolectronic Device Applications

Wide band gap semiconductors are the key components to make laser diodes and blue and green LEDS. They are being used in power switching and high temperature applications. The bandgap of ZnS is tuned by adding an impurity such as Mg that is useful for optoelectronic devices. Earlier reports indicate that there is slight blue shift in the band gap energy of Mg-doped ZnS but we have observed a reasonable red shift (3.48 eV to 2.58 eV) in ZnS band gap energy in Mg-doped ZnS structures. Theoretical model, based on first principle theory using local density approximation, has shown consistent results on Mg-doped ZnS structure. The present research work deals with as-grown and Mg-doped ZnS structures. A series of samples of ZnS with varying x content of Mg have been prepared with x= 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3M by Sol-gel method using magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2.6H2O), thiourea (SCN2H4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O) for thesources of Mg2+, S2- and Zn2+ ions respectively. Ammonium hydroxide (NH3H2O) was used as a stabilizing agent and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4.H2O) was used as a complexing agent. The optical and structural properties were inspected as a function of Mg-concentration. The electrical, optical, morphological and structural properties were studied by different characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, FTIR, Hall measurements, EDX and UV-Vis Spectrometer. The cubic zinc blende crystal structure of ZnS:Mg was observed by the XRD. By SEM the crystallite size was found in micrometer (35nm for Mg=0.3). It has been concluded that with an increase of Mg-concentration in ZnS the crystallite size augments. The results of EDS show that the zinc and sulphur are major components in the composition of ZnS which confirms the purity of ZnS powder. In FTIR spectrum with range 500-4000cm-1, absorption peak was observed at 674cm-1 which confirms the ZnS synthesis. UV-Visible spectrophotometry results confirm the red shift in the bandgap energy of ZnS with Mg. The computational results performed by Quantum-ESPRESSO confirm the red shift band gap trend so as to support the experimentally determined results, only subject to the condition that Mg atoms substitute into ZnS structure. The additional related work deals with the sol-gel synthesis of BaTiO3 and Sr- doped BaTiO3 thin films having the composition BaTiO3+xSr (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) on Ti-substrate by spin coating. The barium acetate (Ba (C2H3O2)2), titanium (iv) n-butoxide (C16H36O4Ti), and strontium acetate (Sr (C2H3O2)2·2 H2O) were taken as preliminary materials. The starting materials were taken according to the stoichiometric proportions and mixed carefully in aqueous phases for uniform compositions. First of all barium acetate was dissolved in heated glacial acetic acid and then strontium acetate was added to this solution while stirring it so that all the particles were dissolved. After that a stoichiometric amount of titanium (iv) n-butoxide was dissolved in 2-methoxy-ethanol and added to the solution still under stirring. To stabilize the solution, ethylene glycol was added in proportion of 1:3 to acetic acid. The final solutions that were used for spin coating on titanium substrates have a concentration of 0.4 M. The structural, morphological and electrical characteristics of the Sr-doped BaTiO3 were studied. The X-ray diffraction results of BaTiO3 and Sr-doped BaTiO3 show the enhancement in the crystallinity of the films by increasing Sr-content. SEM measurements of doped and undoped BaTiO3 films reveal their uniform and cracks free nature. The P-E measurements of these thin films show the reduction in the ferroelectric properties with increasing the Sr content.