مولانا عبدالرزاق ملیح آبادی
افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ ہماری جماعت کے ممتاز رکن اور ندوہ کے نامور فرزند مولانا عبدالرزاق صاحب ملیح آبادی نے وفات پائی، انھوں نے متوسطات تک ندوہ میں تعلیم پائی، اور تکمیل جامعہ ازہر مصر میں کی تھی، علامہ رشید رضا کے خاص شاگردوں میں تھے، ان کا ذوق ابتدا سے سیاسی بلکہ انقلابی تھا، چنانچہ مصر کے قیام کے زمانہ میں قسطنطنیہ جاکر انور پاشا سے ملے، ان کی ملاقات نے سیاست اور آزادی کا نشہ اور تیز کردیا، پہلی جنگ عظیم کے بعد ہندوستان واپس آئے، اور کچھ دنوں تک مولانا عبدالباری فرنگی محلی رحمتہ اﷲ علیہ کے ساتھ رہے، جن کی ذات اس زمانہ میں مسلمانوں کی سیاست کا مرکز تھی، مگر مولانا عبدالرزاق کے خیالات اس زمانہ کی سیاست سے بہت آگے تھے، اس لئے زیادہ دنوں تک یہ ساتھ نہ رہ سکا۔
حسن اتفاق سے اسی زمانہ میں مولانا ابوالکلام کو ایک علمی و سیاسی رفیق کار کی تلاش تھی، اس کے لئے ان کی نگاہ انتخاب مولانا عبدالرزاق پر پڑی اور ان کو انھوں نے کلکتہ بلالیا، اس وقت سے وہ مولانا کے دامن سے ایسے وابستہ ہوئے کہ مرتے دم تک ان کا ساتھ نہ چھوڑا، وہ برسوں مولانا ابوالکلام کے سیاسی اور علمی کاموں میں ان کے دست راست رہے، چنانچہ دوسرے دور کے البلاغ اور ۱ مشہور عربی اخبار الجامعہ کے اڈیٹر مولانا ابوالکلام برائے نام تھے، ان کا پورا کام مولانا عبدالرزاق انجام دیتے رہے، الجامعہ ہندوستان میں عربی کا پہلا معیاری اخبار تھا، جس کی شہرت عرب ملکوں تک تھی، ہندوستان کے مسلمانوں میں عربی ادب و انشاء کا صحیح ذوق پیدا کرنے اور عرب ملکوں سے ان کا رابطہ استوار کرنے میں اس اخبار کا بڑا حصہ ہے، ان علمی و صحافتی مشاغل کے ساتھ سیاسی تحریکوں میں بھی علمی...
Islamic education today cannot be separated from Islamic education in Islamic classical era. The Prophet Muhammad has served as a central figure of Islamic education from Islamic classical era to modern Era. The implementation of Islamic education in the time of the Prophet Muhammad can be categorized into Meccan period and Medina Period. In Meccan period, the prophet put emphasis on tawhid, who used to adhare to politism, to adhare to monotism, that is to believe in Allah the only God. The strategy of education employed by the prophet was secret in nature. Initially, he conducated Islamic education amongst the members of his family and his companions then to more extended cummunity. In Mecca, the Prophet made the house of al-Arqam ibn Abi Al-Arqam, as the centre of Islamic education. In Medinan period, the prophet conducted more complex Islamic education than that he did in Mecca. Islamic education conducted to covered (a) Islamic brotherhood; (b) social walfare education; and (c) nation defence education. In this period, it was mosque that served as the centre of Islamic education.
The idea of starting this research project was to elucidate the development procedure of a novel biocompatible nano composite that is directly linked to the properties of natural bone in terms of its composition, morphology, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. These nanocomposites are composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and whitlockite (WH) nanoparticles embedded in polymeric matrix and hydrogels.The fabrication procedures used are of common use including pre-treatment of nanoparticles and embedding into biopolymers such as Cyclic olefenic copolymer and CollagenPEGDMA hybrid matrix where effect of different loading ratios of HA nanoparticles and WH nanoparticles was investigated.Nano powders of HA were chemically synthesized under various processing conditions using surfactants with different charges and chain lengths such as CTAB (cationic) and SDS (anionic) surfactants were used in the synthesis procedures for regulating the nucleation and growth of the hydroxyapatite phase. The synthesis methods, mainly based on aqueous systems were used which are simple and can offer accurate control on the nano powders of various size and morphologies. The effect of different weight ratios ofHA nanoparticles and WH was evaluated after successful fabrication of nanocomposites by dispersing these nanoparticles in polymeric matrices. TOPAS/HA, TOPAS/WH and Collagen-PEGDMA/HA nanocomposites were successfully prepared and further characterized. Solution casting procedure was used to construct these nano composites. Effect of various weight ratios was investigated on physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the nano composites. These nano composites were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Compression testing, Biocompatibility testing including cell culture of bone/cartilage cell lines, antibacterial test, biodegradability, and swelling characteristics. The morphology of nanocomposites has been investigated using Scanning electron microscopy and Atomic force microscopy. Compression testingwas performed on all type of nanocomposites to evaluate and optimize the mechanical strength. Cell culture wasperformedto evaluate thebiocompatibility ofthese nanocomposites onbone cell lines in case of TOPAS/HA and TOPAS/WH while cartilage cell lines were used in the case of COl-PGD/HA nanocomposites. Swelling and degradation characteristics were also evaluated. It was revealed from this study thet the compressive strengths of nano compositescan be enhancedwith the addition of nanoparticlesand optimized to make values comparable with the compressive strength of natural bone and cartilage tissues. In case of TOPAS/HA the increased values are185 % from 0.26 to 0.74 MPa at the concentration of 10 wt%.Whearas in case of PGD-16/HA, up to 10 wt%, strength is enhanced ~ 90 % from 9 to 17.3 kPa.In case of TOPAS/WH increase of 0.2MPa to 1.7MPa in strength at lower concentration of WH upto 10wt%has been experimented. The biocompatibility data of cell viability on the whole, is above 90% in all nanocomposites and the values are even higher than95%.In TOPAS/HA (10 wt%) exhibits the highest trend for cell viability of 99.9 ± , while in case of PGD-16/HA (10 wt%) the cell viability of hybrid composites is 100 % as comparedto the TCP control group while the cell viability values are around 95-100% in case of TOPAS/WH (10wt%). These results make these nanocomposites suitable for biomedical applications.