تاویل نصوص کی شرعی حیثیت

The two fundamental sources of Islam are the Qur’an and Sunnah (Life) of the Hope Prophet (peace be upon him). Rulings and Legal interpretation are based in light of these two sources, and these two sources are used to determine the correct way of living. Some rulings are clear cut and explicit without any need for interpretation, while other rulings are not so clear cut and are very vague and open to multiple interpretations. Sometimes, in order to understand these vague rulings, there is a need to use different construed methods of interpretations, so that these commandments can become easier to understand and explain. The meaning of construed here is to use those interpretations which is not used commonly in order to explain the verse of life style of the beloved messenger. However, this is not something that any average human being can do, rather one must be a scholar of the highest caliber and have expertise in the field of interpretation. Additionally, the construed interpretation must be valid according to the principles of interpretation, and must have been used before in a previous interpretation. One other thing to note here is that there are many different types of taweel i.e construed interpretations. Some are correct while others are incorrect. This is why it is important to know and understand the correct use of construing and non-construing interpretations in the field of Islamic jurisprudence, so that one can differentiate between the two. Another tragedy of today is that every person thinks that they should and do have the ability to interpret the Qu’ran and the Sunnah on their own, and without any expertise in interpretation, come up with and begin to interpret the Qur’an on their own. This results in wrong interpretations, which not only misguides the individual, but countless others as well. This is a fact that the many different sects in Islam considered deviant by the majority, they all have begun with incorrect and deviant understandings and interpretations on the sacred texts in Islam.

Exploring a Principals Decision-Making Processes With Regard to Professional Development of Teachers, Engendering a Culture of Professional Development in the School

The relevant literature reveals that school leaders are at the forefront of the endeavor for implementing policies and making-decisions with regard to the professional development of teachers. In order to plan, implement, and evaluate the appropriate programming, school leaders, especially principals, must make decisions that promote a professional development culture in the school. This research study is aimed towards exploring the decision-making processes of the principal with regard to teacher's professional development in a private sector school. The study intended to know how these decisions support teachers' professional development, engendering a culture of professional development in the school. The researcher selected tire private sector because the principals working in the private sector schools are more autonomous as compared to their counterpart in the public sector. Since the study was undertaken in a real school context, qualitative case study design best suited the feat to explore and understand the processes involved in a principal's decision-making process with regard to the professional development of his/her teachers. Qualitative data were collected through interview, observation and document analysis. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview the research participant. Findings of the study reveal that the decision-making process is a complex and tension-stricken process. There is no specific framework or way to process professional development decisions, rather it depends on the situation and professional needs of the teachers; one size may not fit in all situations. Therefore, the principal processes the decisions with regard to professional development using various strategies and procedures according to the situation; such as, sole decision, individual-led decision, shared decision and decision through intimation. Among all these processes, the principal of the school prefers shared decisions. However, because of different situation, shared decision-making could not always be practiced, but he mostly uses shared decision-making approach as an effective decision-making process. The findings of the study have implications for the private sector schools with similar contexts to lead the decision-making processes for professional development initiatives.