پاکستان میں رائج زرعی نظام کا شرعی جائزہ

Islam has provided guidance in agriculture like any other field of life. Agriculture provides food and nourishment to men, animals and birds. Pakistan is an agricultural land. Out of total grass root of Pakistan economy, 80% depends upon the agriculture. Agriculture is the production of food, feed and fiber by the systematic harvesting of plants and animals. The history of agriculture is a central element of human history. The article deals with the study of Muslims’ contribution to agriculture especially the Prophetic and four caliphs’ time. The Prophet r initiated the development of a sophisticated system of irrigation, and the Caliphs Hazrat Umar R. A and Hazrat Uthman R. A suggested revolution in agricultural reforms. The Islamic rules on land ownership and labor rights, alongside the recognition of private ownership and introduction of share cropping created by incentives to engage in agriculture. The present system prevailing in Pakistan has several short comings. Landlordism and poverty of cultivators who are generally uneducated, absence of heavy machinery for cultivation and small holdings also create problem.

Requirement Elicitation Techniques Using Scrum Practices in Offshore Development

In Pakistan, offshore development is being carried out in most of the software development organizations. Agile methodology is being used in these organizations as their SDLC method to develop software. Scrum is one of the famous forms of agile which is equipped with light weight, better customer involvement/interaction and prototyping for review requirements engineering practices. These Scrum practices are contrary to old-fashioned requirements elicitation practices. Requirements elicitation using Scrum in this paradigm becomes more difficult during offshore development of a software system. Literature reports that the third most significant reason in failure of a project is elicitation of incomplete requirements. This study will examine different elicitation techniques which are used in Scrum Offshore development and will highlight the issues. Moreover, this study will also propose an appropriate framework using scrum elicitation technique for requirement capturing in offshore development. For the validation, the proposed framework technique will be tested in software industry.