فقہی اختلافات کے مابین امام شعرانی اور شاہ ولی اللہ کے اسالیب تطبیق

In the Islamic Sharia there are two types of texts, as for the first one, there is no need for any interpretations. For instance: Tauhid (unity of Allah), while few interpretations have modiefied with the changing circumstances. The expertises of Islamic jurists highlight the interpretations of the text according to prevailing social and political environment which can create harmony between Islamic Sharia and importunity of nature. Imam Sharani and Shah Wali Ullah are those personalities who evaluated the intellectual efforts of Islamic jurists and describe their diligencial and margenial secondary level differences. They created a road of conformity between their minor level marginal differences which are legitimate. Imam Sharani and Shah Wali Ullah‘s methodologies of uniformity represent the facts that differences in the approaches of jurists, which are considered as segregation in the reality that is benevolence for Muslim Ummah. Their methodologies of uniformity are not only practical but also very useful in the context of global village. In this age ethical, social, and family problems can be solved through the method of uniformity. For the solution of issues like intellectual extremism, prejudice and terrorism, Imam Sharani and Shah Wali Ullah‘s methodologies of uniformity are beaconhouse.

Biochemical Characterization of in Vitro Salt Tolerant Cell Lines and Regenerated Plants of Sugarcane Saccharum Spp. Hybrid

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting growth and productivity of important crops worldwide. Sugarcane is a glycophyte crop of major economical value in tropical and subtropical countries of the world where salinity is an ever-increasing problem. Sugarcane plants grown under stressed conditions show not only arrested growth of various parts but also a decrease in sucrose content. During the recent years, tissue culture technique has gained importance in producing plants with improved salt tolerance through selection of salt-tolerant cells lines and their subsequent regeneration. During the present work, protocols were established for callus induction, maintenance and regeneration of the two sugarcane cultivars (cv. SPF 234 and cv. HSF 240). It was observed that the best medium for callus induction and maintenance was MS medium supplemented with 13.5 μM 2,4-D. Callus cultures at day 120 were shifted to the various regeneration media. It was observed that among the different media used, MS medium supplemented with 8.87 μM BAP and 0.5 μM TDZ was the best in terms of all the growth parameters studied for both the cultivars. However, the maximum regeneration frequency in cv. SPF 234 was greater (85 %) as compared to cv. HSF 240 (76 %). Best rooting (95 %) of the regenerated shoots in cv. SPF 234 was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 μM IBA at day 30. Almost similar results were recorded for in vitro-grown plants of cv. HSF 240 for percentage root formation on MS medium supplemented with 1 or 2 μM IBA with 94 and 93 % rooting respectively. Hardening of sugarcane plants was also successfully accomplished for both the sugarcane cultivars.