محمد سرور (۱۹۵۷ء ۔پ) اصل نام اور سرورؔ تخلص کرتے ہیں۔ آپ پسرور کے قریب ایک گاؤں پنوانہ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔ آغا وفا ابدالی سرورؔ کے شاعری میں اُستاد تھے۔(۱۱۳۹) آپ کی شاعری میں آغا وفا ابدالی کا اسلوب اور انداز واضح طور پر نظر آتا ہے۔ آپ حقیقت پسند اور رجائی شاعر ہیں۔ رجائیت، قناعت ،امن اور موت سرور کی شاعری کے اہم موضوعات ہیں:
دنیا ہست وبود میں کوئی ضرر نہ ہو
انسانِ خواہشات کا پُتلا اگر نہ ہو
دست قضا کا کھیل جو نوعِ بشر نہ ہو
9افسانہ حیات کبھی مختصر نہ ہو
ممکن نہیں کہ طے ہو کبھی جادہ وفا
جب تک کسی کی یاد شریکِ سفر نہ ہو
پھوٹے گی ایک روز تو امید کی کرن
وہ رات کو ن سی ہے کہ جس کی سحر نہ ہو
(۱۱۴۰)
۱۱۳۹۔’’محافظ‘‘(رسالہ)پسرور ،گورنمنٹ ڈگری کالج ۷۵، ۱۹۷۴ء، ص:۱۸۴
۱۱۴۰۔ایضاً،ص:۱۸۶
Class Action Research (CAR) was conducted to analyze the increase of interest, creativity and interest, creativity, and learning outcomes of students in the Mattayeom 4 class Phatanakansuksa Foundation School Thailand by implementing the Scientific approach method. During the observation and review with the English teacher Mattayeom 4, the researcher was able to describe the profile of student learning outcomes in grade 1 as a class with great potential but not well-honed. The low interest of students in this learning process can result in a learning process that is not optimal so that the results obtained are not optimal. The results of the implementation of classroom action research in the Mattayeom 4/2 Phatanakansuksa Foundation School's Real Work Lecture program which shows an increase in learning outcomes through a direct learning process applied by teachers/researchers.
Membrane is a thin, delicate, flat sheet which acts as a barrier for selective transport of species under the impact of some driving force. Membrane technology has gained important place in industrial and medicinal field because of its easy utility, efficient performance and low cast. Hemodialysis is an extensively used medical therapy for renal failure and dialysis membranes are essential components of a hemodialysis. The essential properties of a dialysis membrane are high mass transfer of toxic solutes (urea and uric acid) to reduce the dialysis time, maximum protein rejection ability and moderate water flux. Protein adsorption or deposition on the surface or in its pores results in reduction in flux, change of selectivity of the membrane and the low toxin elimination. Polymeric membrane fabricated from cellulose, regenerated cellulose and synthetic polymers are well known for dialysis. Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate (CA) membranes were prepared through phase inversion method and they were modified by blending various organic and inorganic additives. The effects of these additives on membrane’s morphology were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Contact Angle. Fabricated membrane’s performance was studied in terms of pure water flux, porosity, water uptake, BSA rejection and urea clearance tests. Biocompatibility and blood mimic tests were conducted to find the interaction of synthesized membrane towards cell culture and blood comparable fluids. In first part, CA was blended with poly-ethylene glycol (PEG). The membranes were modified by blending CA/PEG casting solution with glycol. The modified membrane showed good selectivity for urea but was not suitable for dialysis operation. Hence, the composition was reformed using Hydroxyapatite particles (inorganic additive). The results showed enhanced BSA rejection and urea clearance but the obtained percentages were low to be utilized in dialysis. The biocompatibility outcomes of CA/PEG/HA membrane make it appropriate for other biomedical applications. In the second part, CA was blended with organic additives including sericine, Poly vinylpyrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene imine (PEI) to improve BSA rejection and Urea clearance of polymeric membrane. These membranes possess moderate pure water flux and hydrophilicity. Performance evaluation investigations confirmed that all these membranes had good pure water flux and BSA rejection above 90%. Membranes fabricated using blend of CA and PEI have highest urea clearance of 67.2%. So, this membrane was selected for further adjustment. During the last part, effect of solvent on CA/PEI dialysis membrane was investigated. Various solvents including acetic acid, formic acid, N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and 1-Methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP) were tested. The performance efficiency of synthesized membranes verified to, when CA was blended with formic acid (F.A) have desired dialysis characteristics. It possesses moderate hydrophilicity, desired pure water flux value, optimum water uptake, above 98% BSA rejection and urea clearance percentage of 69%. The biocompatibility tests were conducted for CA/PEI/FA membrane using MTT (3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide )assay. It was found that the materials selected for this membrane fabrication were most suitable for dialysis application. Highest cell viability and cellular attachment found in biocompatibility analysis was higher in comparison with commercial dialysis tubing and non-treated control standard. CA/PEI/F.A membrane was further inspected via blood mimic solution to find the performance of membrane commensurate with blood type feed. The up short of the present work is that CA/PEI/F.A membrane is the best possible solution for dialysis. Providing new insight in the dialysis domain; this membrane is not only cost effective but also has high BSA rejection and Urea clearance. Accordingly, biocompatibility and blood mimic results prove it to be the finest device/implant for hemodialyser unit.