100. Al-‘Adiyat/The Chargers
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
100:01
a. By the war-horses, charging, snorting, rushing to the battlefield,
100:02
a. striking sparks with their hooves,
100:03
a. and charging by the dawn,
100:04
a. raising a trail of dust,
100:05
a. and storming into the midst of the enemy troops together.
100:06
a. Indeed, the human being has always been ungrateful and grudging to his Rabb - The Lord,
100:07
a. and truly he is a witness to it,
100:08
a. and he is truly very excessive as well as aggressive in his passion for wealth.
100:09
a. But does he not realize what will happen to him when the contents of the graves are thrown out -
100:10
a. and that which is within the hearts will be made known,
100:11
a. at that Time, their Rabb - The Lord will be Fully Aware of them?
Background of the Study: Lockdown was implemented worldwide to limit the spread of COVID-19. This sudden implementation of lockdown causes significant lifestyle changes for every individual. Along with the general population, it also has psychological, behavioral, and physical consequences on athletes. The study objective is to determine the occurrence of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries during the COVID-19 lockdown in athletes.
Methodology: Retrospective cross-sectional study design was used, and participants were recruited by a non-probability convenient sampling technique. A sample size of 147 was taken as calculated by the Raosoft software, and the study was completed 6 months. Both male and female athletes between the age group of 18-35 years, participants who did not participate in any official training session during the lockdown and registered at domestic level for at least 2 years were recruited from Pakistan Sports Board and Wapda Sports Complex Lahore. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to identify the problematic painful areas of body. Data entry, analysis, and interpretation were done by using SPSS software version 22.0.
Results: The mean age and BMI of participants were 25.6531±4.49 (years) and 23.28±3.24 (kg/m2) respectively. From the total, 39.5% of participants reported lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries. And most reported problematic areas include lower back and knee. 75% of participants continue to do workouts at home as a prevention strategy against injury occurrence.
Conclusion: This concluded that the occurrence of lower extremity musculoskeletal injuries during the lockdown was moderate.
Low available zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) concentrations in about 50% of the global land resulted in Zn and Fe deficiency of cereal grains. Nitrogen (N) fertilization not only increase the wheat grain yield but also facilitate the uptake of Fe and Zn in wheat grain. Improving N availability to plants brings significant increase in shoot Fe content and uptake and accumulation of Zn in wheat plants. Thus, an experiment was conducted at the Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Noweshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study the response of wheat to N, Zn and Fe (micro-nutrients, MN) application. Treatments included three levels of N (90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1), three concentrations of Zn and Fe (i.e. 1, 2, 3 kg ha-1) each along with two controls i.e. no micro nutrients no water (unsprayed check) and no micro nutrients + water (sprayed check). The N was soil applied and MN was applied as foliar spray at booting stage. The experiment was arranged in RCBD, with four replications. Days to anthesis, leaf area tiller-1, leaf area index, plant height, days to physiological maturity, spike m-2, grains spike-1, thousand-grains weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, grain Zn-concentration, grain Fe-concentration, grain protein content, grain gluten content were significantly increased by both N and Zn while the same parameters except days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity and spike m-2 were also significantly enhanced by using Zn. The use of Zn (3 kg ha-1) and Fe (1 kg ha-1) with 120 kg ha-1 of N significantly improved the grain yield (34.6%) of wheat over unsprayed check. The use of Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 kg ha-1 each with 150 kg ha-1 of N improved the grain quality parameters i.e. grain protein (24.5%), grain gluten (23%) and Fe content (29%) of wheat grains over unsprayed check. Application of Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 and 1 kg ha-1, respectively with 150 kg ha-1 of N resulted in increased grain Zn concentration (58%) of wheat over unsprayed check. It was concluded that wheat grain yield can be enhanced by using nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 with Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 and 1 kg ha-1, respectively. The same combination also proved to be cost effective as compared to other treatments studied. However, quality wheat grains can be produced by applying Zn and Fe at the rate of 3 kg ha-1 each with 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen.