مرزا سلطان احمد
افسوس ہے کہ اعظم گڑھ کی ممتاز مقبول شخصیت مرزا سلطان احمد صاحب رٹائر ممبر بورڈ آف ریونیو نے طویل علالت کے بعد گزشتہ ۱۷؍ فروری کو انتقال کیا وہ پرانے علیگ اور اپنے زمانہ کے لائق ترین عہدہ داروں میں تھے، اپنی قابلیت سے ڈپٹی کلکٹری سے کلکٹری اور بورڈ کی ممبری تک ترقی کی اور جہاں رہے اپنی دیانتداری اور شرافت سے مقبول و نیک نام رہے، بڑے عہدہ داروں میں ایسے شریف اور خلیق انسان کم دیکھنے میں آئے ہیں، ان کا خمیر ہی اخلاق و شرافت سے گوندھا گیا تھا، ادنی و اعلیٰ ہر شخص کے ساتھ ان کا اخلاق یکساں تھا، ہر ملنے والے کے ساتھ کوئی نہ کوئی ایسی خصوصیت ضرور برتتے تھے جس سے اس کو یہ محسوس ہوتا کہ وہ اس کے ساتھ خاص تعلق رکھتے ہیں۔
بڑے وضعدار، فیاض اور مہمان نواز تھے جس سے جس قسم کے تعلقات تھے، اس کو عمر بھر نباہا، ملازمت کے زمانہ میں ان کا دستر خوان بڑا وسیع اور گھر مستقل مہمان خانہ تھا، ان کے اعزہ و احباب میں سے کوئی نہ کوئی ان کے یہاں مستقل مقیم رہتا تھا اور جس کو ضرورت ہوتی اس کی نقدی سے بھی مدد کرتے تھے، ہر حاجت مند کی مدد کے لیے ہر وقت تیار رہتے تھے اور اس کے لیے ایسے کام کر گزرتے تھے جس کی ہمت ہر شخص نہیں کرسکتا، وہ بڑے تنخواہ دار تھے لیکن جو کچھ کمایا سب صرف کردیا، اعظم گڑھ میں دو ہی ایسے شخص تھے جنھوں نے بہت پیدا کیا، مگر اپنے بعد کچھ نہیں چھوڑا، ایک مرزا صاحب، دوسرے اقبال سہیل مرحوم ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد حکومت نے ان کے سامنے پبلک سروس کمیشن کی ممبری پیش کی، مگر انھوں نے وطن چھوڑنا پسند نہ کیا اور اعظم...
Muhammad’s (SAW life is fully reserved and recorded in history. It has been established beyond a shadow of doubt that not only the major and significant events of his life but even the minutest details of his life are also painstakingly preserved by the Muslims. In spite of the availability of abundant authentic documents concerning Muhammad’s (SAW) life, sayings and deeds, some critics of Islam stubbornly refuse to believe in his historicity. Robert Spencer is one such critic who maintains that Muhammad’s (SAW) value is nothing more than a fictional or mythological figure. This article is an attempt to prove the existence of Muhammad (SAW) in contemporary non-Muslims sources. The article is divided into three major parts: the first part of the paper throws light on how much emphasis Muslims lay on historical authenticity of Muhammad (SAW), in the second part of the paper views and doubts of prominent like orientalists Spencer concerning Muhammad’s (SAW) historical authenticity have been summarized, whereas the third part presents Robert Spencer’s views in the same connection and endeavors to refute his views and approach drawing on contemporary non-Muslim Sources.
Present study was planned to utilize the indigenous organic resources for the insect pest management of stored wheat with the purpose to provide safe food to the end users and to make the pest control technique environment-friendly. It will also be helpful to avoid heavy expenses being spent on the import of pesticides. The focus of the project was to provide a secure IPM protocol to the farmers for the easy and organic control of stored grains insect pests, at farm level. For this purpose, oils of Acorus calamus (Sweet flag), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ricinus communis (Castor) were applied individually and as combinations in various concentrations @ 15-18 ml solution per sq. ft. area of the jute/cotton bags of different densities. Infestation free wheat was packed in respective treated bags and stored under prevailing ambient conditions of the flourmills. Antixenotic and antibiotic effects of the botanical oils were determined at different storage intervals i.e. 30, 60 and 90 days against Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium. Statistical examination of the data regarding percent mortality and population build up of the target insects has indicated that different concentrations, storage periods and packing materials have a momentous effect on the insects mortality and their penetration into the bags. Degree of antixenosis and antibiosis has a linear correlation with the concentration of the oils but inversely with the storage periods. Moreover, penetration into the bags was inversely but the mortality was directly proportional to the density of the packing materials. It was observed that fine packing material with 20% concentration, Neem oil conferred 90 %, sweet flag oil 94% and castor oil 82% mortality up to one month. Afterwards a gradient decrease in percent mortality was found in second and third months. Whereas, mixture of three oils in 10% concentration of each exhibited 100, 95.55, and 91.55% mortality for 30, 60 and 90 days respectively, in cotton bags, having mesh size of 0.1 x 0.1 mm. Farinographic studies indicated non significant differences on the water absorption of the dough made from the respective flours of the treatments and the control. Furthermore, sensory evaluation established that there was no distinguishable taste or taint found in the chapatties made from the respective flours of the treatments and the control. It is concluded that oils of Acorus calamus, Azadirachta indica and Ricinus communis are effective, with the selected dosage levels, to save the stored grains from insect pests, the food from toxic residues and the environment from chemical pollution. Mixture of three oils in 10% concentration showed a better performance than the rest of treatments. Therefore, packing of the cleaned wheat in new treated bags with selected botanical oils and proper sealing thereof can, certainly, provide better results for the safe storage of food grains. An addition of some appropriate IPM practices may also be a supplement for the accomplishment of the suggested insect pests control measure.