بیوہ عورت کی کفالت سیرت طیبہ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی روشنی میں

Holy Prophet (PBUH) has been made blessing for Humanity, and the being of Prophet (PBUH) is such an ocean of blessings that no any strata of society is derived of  by his teachings. Before the arrival of Holy Prophet (PBUH), the weak strata of society used to be oppressed in all its forms and manifestations, and suffered all sort of atrocity and cohesion. It is very core to the Teachings of Prophet (PBUH) that, it restored the rights of former oppressed class and brought its status equal to all. The list of oppressed and weak strata of society remained long, but our discussion is confined to the widow. Before Islam, the status of widow was very deplorable and she was ground under the oppression of all other strata of society. Even though in some religions, she was burnt alive with the corpse of husband. And somewhere her second marriage was denied and somewhere so on. But, a teaching of Islam and Holy Prophet (PBUH) has given a very crucial, respectable and safe as well as significant place to her in society. This article deals with this subject in detail, with solid references from different resources. In the end this articles carries suggestion for the welfare and development of widows.

Dry Wood Termites and Subterranean Termites As Pests in the District Mianwali

Termites cause destruction to wooden structures and other cellulose containing materials and cause economic loss. Among the different castes of termites, workers are destructive to wood and other cellulose containing materials. Five species of termites (Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), Microtermes mycophagus, Microtermes obesi (Holmgren), Odontotermes guptai and Odontotermes obesus (Ramber), were found in weeds, herbs, shrubs, trees and soil cores of 40 *40 sq. ft. area from three tehsils of district Mianwali in Punjab. Maximum number of termites were observed in July and August and the most numerous termite species was Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann). In Tehsil Mianwali, the number and diversity of termites is more than Tehsil Piplan and Tehsil Esa Khel. The least number of termites were observed in sandy soil of Tehsil Piplan and Riverine areas of Tehsil Esa Khel. The temperature and rain fall also affect the density and distribution of termites. The maximum pest activity was found in humid and warm environment. For future studies the present work will be helpful for termites control and biodiversity. The effect of environmental factors on the distribution of termites can also be worked out.