سیّد جالبؔ دہلوی
اس مہینہ اردو صحافت کو اپنے ایک دیرینہ اہل قلم کی خدمات سے ہمیشہ کے لئے محرومی ہوئی، سید جالب دہلوی جو نہ صرف بحیثیت ایک کہنہ مشق اخبارنویس کے قابل ذکر ہیں، بلکہ مرحوم علم کے ایک سچے طالب اور عاشق تھے، ان کی کہنہ مشقی، اخباری وسعت اطلاع، عام معلومات کی آگاہی، تاریخی ذوق، کتب نادرہ سے سچا عشق ان کی زندگی کی خصوصیات تھیں، ہر ہفتہ نخاس جاکر معمولی دوکانوں پر بیٹھ کر قلمی کتابوں کے منتشر و پراگندہ اوراق چن کر بقیمت اٹھا لاتے تھے، گھر لاکر ان کی خدمت کرتے، ترک دیکھتے، ہندسے جوڑتے، عبارتیں ملاتے اور اوراق کو جوڑ کر کتاب کو درست کرتے، مرحوم نے کبھی فارغ البالی کی زندگی نہیں بسر کی، مگر اسی عالم میں انہوں نے لاہور، دہلی اور لکھنؤ کے بازاروں سے سات آٹھ ہزار کتابوں کا ذخیرہ فراہم کیا، جن میں بعض بعض بہت نادر کتابیں تھیں، ان کا ارادہ تھا کہ ان کتابوں کے لئے وہ کوئی خاص مکان بنوائیں، یا کسی قومی درسگاہ کے حوالہ کردیں، خدا جانے مرحوم کی وفات کے بعد ان پسماندوں کا کیا حشر ہوا، ۱ مرحوم ساکہنہ مشق اخبار نویس اور اخبار نویسی کے ایک ایک فن کا واقف کار شاید ہی مسلمانوں میں کوئی دوسرا ہو، اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے، ان کا سب سے بڑا کمال ان کا حافظہ تھا، جو ادنیٰ ادنیٰ چیزوں سے لے کر بڑے بڑے اشخاص سے متعلق معلومات ان کے خزانہ میں محفوظ رہتے تھے۔
سید جالب مرحوم پیسہ اخبار کے بعد غالباً سب سے پہلے ہمدرد میں ظاہر ہوئے، ہمدرد کے بند ہونے پر لکھنؤ آکرہمدم کی ادارت کا فرض انجام دیا اور ابھی دوسال ہوئے ہمدم سے علیحدگی کی صورت میں روزنامہ ہمت جاری کیا، سیدجالب کا وجود اگر لکھنؤ میں نہ ہوتا تو بلا خوف...
Women employment is a practical issue of the modern age. It is adopted by almost all the nations and countries of the world. In the western countries rights of women including employment, trade, property, education etc were recognized after the efforts ofWomen Liberation Movement. However, in Islam these were declared their basic rights since the first day. A western woman is bound to earn her livelihood as it is not the duty ofa western man to provide her basic needs. However, in Islam a woman is legally protected for the provision of all her basic needs and it is the duty of her father, brother, husband and son to provide these to her. Islam permits a woman to do a job or carry out trade activities and earn money subject to some conditions. These may be carried out by the permission of her husband, father, etc. Besides employment, a woman should perform her obligations at her home and family, which is her basic duty. She must be careful about her husband and children rights. She must observe Hijab and abstain from mixing with non-mehram men and should follow other social teachings of Islam. Wealth earned by her is considered her property and she can spend it any way at her discretion. Study of Islamic History revealed that many of the wives of the prophet (Sallalla ho alaihe wassalam) and Sahabiyat (RA) carried out business activities and performed other jobs and thus earned money. They spent it to assist the Prophet's noble cause and to assist their husbands and to care their children. These activities were considered authorized and endorsed by the prophet (Sallalla ho alaihe wassalam)
Background: Aminoglycosides are commonly used in the treatment of severe gram-negative infections. Their use is associated with substantial risk of toxicity and hence need to monitor therapeutic drug levels. The prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels in hospitalized children in our local setting has not been determined thus putting into question the cost benefits of providing therapeutic drug monitoring services in our resource poor settings. Objective: To determine the prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels in children below the age of 12 years with clinically suspected gram negative infections at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. The secondary objective was to determine if glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation using Schwartz formula correlates with drug trough levels in children on aminoglycoside therapy. Methods: Children aged 1 day up to 12 years started on aminoglycoside therapy with either gentamicin or amikacin were identified in this hospital based cross-sectional survey that was undertaken at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi over a period of six months. Aminoglycoside drug trough levels and serum creatinine measurements were done in 81 patients at 24hours after initiation of aminoglycoside therapy. GFR was calculated using Schwartz formula for all the serum creatinine values obtained. Data analysis: Data accrued were analysed using Stata Data Analysis and Statistical software. The prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels was calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the drug trough levels and estimated GFR. The prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, positive and vi negative predictive values as well as likelihood ratios, and hence accuracy of estimated GFR in predicting for abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels was also calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also determined. Results: A total of eighty one participants were recruited into this study with a median age of three days, 48.2% of whom were males and 51.8% female. The prevalence of abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels in children below the age of 12 years with clinically suspected gram negative infections admitted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi was 4.9% (95% CI 1.4% to 12.2%). There were no reported adverse outcomes in any of the children with abnormal drug trough levels upon follow-up. The strength of the association between aminoglycoside trough levels and glomerular filtration rate was found to be weak with Pearson correlation co-efficient of -0.342. The sensitivity and specificity of estimated GFR in predicting for abnormal aminoglycoside trough levels was 25.0% and 98.7% respectively. The