پاکستان میری جنت
جنت کے معنی باغ بھی ہیں ، بہشت کے لیے بھی جنت کا لفظ بولا جاتا ہے۔ جنت کا تصور جب ذہن کے در یچوں پر دستک دیتا ہے تو قلب و اذہان میں اس صحت افزا تخیل کے باعث نئے نئے شگوفے کھلنے شروع ہو جاتے ہیں۔ اور اس وقت جسم و جان میں پیدا ہونے والی تازگی و طراوت روح تک سرایت کر جاتی ہے۔ جس کو جس سے جتنا عشق ہوگا وہ اس کو اپنی جنت اور اپنی بہشت قرار دے گا۔ کسی کی جنت اس کا گھر ہوگا ،کسی کی جنت اس کا در ہوگا،کسی کی جنت اولا د ہو گی ،کسی کی جنت امّ اولا د ہوگی، کسی کی جنت اس کا مکان ہوگا ،کسی کی جنت اس کا سلطان ہوگا۔ سب کی جنت ان کے اپنے اپنے ذوق کے مطابق ہے لیکن میری جنت میرا پاکستان ہے کیونکہ یہ ہے تو سب جنتیں ہیں۔ اگر یہ نہیں ہے تو پھر جنت بھی جہنم کا عذاب ہے کیونکہ اسی کے دم قدم سے حقیقی جنت کی بہاریں ہیں۔
ہمت ہے تو پیدا کر فردوس بریں اپنا
مانگی ہوئی جنت سے دوزخ کا عذاب اچھا
وطن اس مقدس سرزمین کا نام ہے جس کی آغوش میں انسان جنم لیتا ہے جس کی ہوائیں اسے پروان چڑھاتی ہیں جس کی فضاؤں میں اس کی نشوونما ہوتی ہے جس کی مٹی سے اس کا خمیر اٹھتا ہے۔ اور اسی کے ذرّے ذرّے سے انسان کی عقیدت وابستہ ہوتی ہے۔ اس کی فضاؤں میں محبت کی خنکی ہوتی ہے، اس کے کھیتوں میں آنکھوں کا نور ہوتا ہے، اس کے گلستانوں میں چاہت کی چاشنی ہوتی ہے، اس کے ویرانوں میں یگانگت کی اپنائیت ہوتی ہے۔ اس کی ہر چیز جنت کا نمونہ پیش کرتی ہے۔
پاکستان کے در و دیوار...
This study aims to analyze the Relationship between Organizational Culture and Employee Performance through Work Stress at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. This research method is an explanatory research, the analysis unit in this study is employees who work in the Directorate General of Customs and Excise Office. East Java I region, which consists of 80 structural officials, 79 functional officials and 1323 executive staff. The method of collecting research data using a questionnaire. The results showed that organizational culture affects the work stress of employees at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that organizational culture is able to increase the work stress of employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java. Organizational culture influences the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I, this shows that with a good and appropriate organizational culture, it is able to increase the performance of the employees of the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Customs and Excise, East Java I. New organizational culture that also improves Employee stress, namely the imposition of input into daily work activity reports by employees in the daily logbook through an internet-based application with details on the types of activities, time norms, achievement targets and employee daily problems for all levels of employees, both structural, functional and executive.
Chili (Capsicum annuum) belongs to family solanaceae and is one of the most common cultivated crops of the world. Chili has been cultivated on 63.6 thousand hectares in Pakistan with a production of 147.2 thousand tons in 2012-13.Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a highly challenging and destructive disease of solanaceous crops. R. solanacearum is a soil and water borne bacterium which enters the plant roots, multiplies through the xylem, and collapses the host. The bacterial wilt infects more than 450 plant species belonging to 54 different botanical families. Major hosts include tomato, hot pepper, sweet pepper and potato. Eighty countries are affected with a loss of $ 1 billion each year. As the information regarding distribution of bacterial wilt in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan, pathogenic variability among different isolates, genetic diversity of the bacterium and response of different chili cultivars towards the pathogen is lacking therefore the present studies were carried out. Major chili growing areas from different agro-ecological zones were surveyed for the determination of incidence, prevalence, biovars identification, pathogenic variability and genetic diversity of different isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum. Chili germplasm comprising 28 varieties was screened for their relative resistance or susceptibility against the highly virulent strain (RsBd 6) of the bacterium in the glasshouse. The maximum incidence of 22% of bacterial wilt was recorded in district Badin while the incidence was the minimum (4.4%) in district Loralai. The disease incidence was found to be the maximum (19.5%) in Indus delta and was the minimum in Western dry mountains (5%). Maximum incidence was observed in Sindh province followed by Punjab (11.4%) and was the minimum in Baluchistan (4.9%). The xxi overall incidence in the country was 9.95%. The prevalence was found to be the maximum in Sindh (100%) followed by Punjab (84%) with an overall prevalence of 75.8% in the country. A total of 114 isolates of R. solanacearum from eight agro-ecological zones were isolated, confirmed by immunoStrips and characterized by employing different biochemical tests. The biovars were identified on the basis of sugar consumption. Of the 114 isolates, 92 were distinguished as biovar 3 while 22 were recognized as biovar 4. Both the biovar 3 and biovar 4 were diagnosed from Sindh and Punjab while only biovar 3 was distinguished from Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa. The isolates varied in pathogenicity when tested on highly susceptible cv. California wonder; 21.9% isolates were found highly virulent, 29.8% virulent, 25.4% weakly virulent and 22.8% were avirulent. The isolates were then confirmed through PCR by using specific primers and running on 1% agarose gel visualized under UV light. The screening of chili germplasm against the bacterium revealed that two cultivars viz. Skyline II and Hifly were highly resistant. Sanam was the only cultivar which was identified as resistant. Five cultivars were categorized as moderately resistant. The cultivars Maxi and Talhari were found highly susceptible to the pathogen while rest of the varieties was either susceptible or moderately susceptible. It is concluded that bacterial wilt caused by R.solanacearum is prevalent throughout the country in all the agroecological zones with varying intensities warranting stringent surveillance and control measures. As variations have been observed in the virulence of R. solanacearum isolates, management strategies should be followed accordingly. Resistant and moderately resistant cultivars have been identified, therefore, recommended for cultivation.