آہ! مولوی نور عظیم ندوی
دارالعلوم ندوۃ العلماء کے لائق فرزند اور ہونہار استاد مولوی نور عظیم ندوی چند ماہ کی علالت کے بعد وفات پاگئے، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔
وہ دارالعلوم سے فراغت کے بعد مزید تعلیم کے لیے مصر گئے، اردو کی طرح عربی لکھنے اور بولنے کی اچھی مشق تھی اور درس و تدریس کے ساتھ ہی تقریر و تحریر میں بھی اپنا جوہر دکھاتے تھے، جلسوں کی نظامت بڑی خوبی اور سلیقہ سے کرتے تھے، جس سمینار کی کاروائی وہ چلاتے وہ ضرور کامیاب ہوتا۔
پڑھنے لکھنے کا اچھا ذوق تھا اور اسی میں ان کا سارا وقت گزرتا، ندوۃ العلماء سے شائع ہونے والے اردو اور عربی جرائد میں ان کے مضامین وقتاً فوقتاً چھتے تھے۔ ایک زمانہ میں ندائے ملت کے عملاً وہی اڈیٹر تھے، تعلیم اور دوسرے موضوعات پر اس کے خاص نمبر بھی نکالے، مولانا سید ابوالحسن علی ندوی مدظلہ کی سرپرستی میں رابطہ ادب اسلامی کا قیام عمل میں آیا تو اس کے روح رواں مولانا سید محمد رابع ندوی کے یہی دست راست اور رابطہ کے ترجمان کے ایڈیٹر بھی تھے۔ ان کے پاس بعض اشخاص اور اکیڈمیوں کے مسودے تبصرے یا اصلاح کے لیے آتے تھے جن کو بڑے غور و توجہ سے پڑھتے، تحریر کی خوبیوں اور خرابیوں پر ان کی نظر فوراً پڑتی۔ اس معاملہ پر مولانا علی میاں مدظلہ بھی ان پر اعتماد کرتے تھے۔
ان کا وطن ضلع بستی تھا اور وہ مسلکاً اہل حدیث تھے لیکن ندوۃ العلماء میں شیرولشکر کی طرح گھل مل گئے تھے، بڑے خاموش طبع، کم سخن، خلیق اور متواضع تھے، ان کی عمر پچاس (۵۰) کی رہی ہوگی، آئندہ ان سے بڑی توقعات وابستہ تھیں لیکن ابھی اپنی چمک دمک بھی نہیں دکھانے پائے تھے کہ وقت موعود آگیا۔
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Establishment of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard means supremacy of the dictates of shari‘ah and socio-political justice on earth. This is one of the basic objectives and prominent messages of the Holy Quran and Seerah of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w). About khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard the Holy Quran expresses as: -وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا مِنكُمْ وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ لَيَسْتَخْلِفَنَّهُم فِي الأَرْضِ … -الَّذِينَ إِن مَّكَّنَّاهُمْ فِي الأَرْضِ أَقَامُوا الصَّلاَةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ وَأَمَرُوا بِالمَعْرُوفِ وَنَهَوْا عَنِ المُنكَرِ وَلِلَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الأُمُورِ. -هُوَ الَّذِي أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ شَهِيداً. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) proclaims: - وَاَللَّهِ لَوْ وَضَعُوا الشَّمْسَ فِي يَمِينِي وَالْقَمَرَ فِي يَسَارِي عَلَى أَنْ أَتْرُكَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ حَتَّى يُظْهِرَهُ اللَّهُ أَوْ أَهْلِكَ فِيهِ مَا تَرَكْتُهُ. The Holy Quran and the Seerah refer to some underlying milestones on the way of religious nations to status of khalafah and tamkeen fin ‘ard. These milestones may be expressed in an order as: da‘wah [preaching], deen [practices of prophetic teachings], hijrah [migration], ma‘iyyat-ul-Allah [companionship of Allah], qital [wars], nusrat-ul-Allah [divine aid], izhar-ud-deen [domination of deen] and khilafah [inheritance of authority]. This is noteworthy that journey of khalafah and tamkeen fin ‘ard begins with da‘wah [preaching towards deen] and passing through various milestones ends up again at da‘wah, as obvious from ayat-ul-istakhlaf quoted above. Therefore, the seekers of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard should strive hard and keep struggling with the work of da‘wah with dedication in all circumstances and all means as per time and place requirements in lined with the modus operandi of Prophets, particularly Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w), instead of awaiting the status of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard as prerequisite to start with the work of da‘wah and establishment of deen. This paper primarily aims to elaborate the milestones of Muslim Ummah to reach to the status of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard. It also cast light on the objectives of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard. This work provides useful guidance to Muslim Ummah in general and Ahlud da‘wah in particular about milestones and objectives of khilafah and tamkeen fil ‘ard.
Image restoration is fundamental to visual information processing systems. In many real world scenarios, noise and blur are the two main unavoidable sources of degra- dation in images. The problem is deemed as an ill-posed inverse by nature due to the simultaneous occurrences of noise and blur in the image. Blurring function categorizes the degradation as space variant (SVD) if di erent spatial locations of the recorded scene are convolved by varying point spread function. In contrast, the degradation is categorized as spatially invariant (SID) if a unique point spread function blurs the whole image. This dissertation focuses on spatial degradations, initiating from space invariant towards space variant. Existing methods for restoration of SVD images, for example, neural networks and numerical optimization bear the limitations of high cost, lower restoration, less gen- eralization, discontinuity and instability for di erent spatial locations. It is learnt that three factors are vital to develop an e ective framework for restoration, which are: 1. The optimization of the ill-posed inverse restoration problem by minimizing constrained error function 2. A smoothness constraint 3. A regularization scheme The main objective of this dissertation is to improve the restoration results, by possible applications of new intelligent methods. This dissertation provides com- prehensive solutions to both spatial degradation problems, by considering above three factors. Firstly, SID images are restored, by a steepest descent based restora- tion approach. In this approach, an e cient smoothness constraint is proposed, to model the error function. In the next step, the steepest descent based approach is improved and a novel fuzzy regularization scheme is also proposed to better model the error function. It performed better than the existing methods on a speci c blur function and low power additive noise. However, local search properties of gradient based approaches and eventually lower restoration for SVD images, due to their high sensitivity for varying textures, noise powers and blurs allowed for the possible application of computational intelligence models. Finally, in this dissertation, a new optimization framework is proposed for image restoration of SVD images. In the proposed framework, particle swarm optimiza- tion based evolution is retained to minimize the Modi ed Error Estimate (MEE), for better restoration. The framework added hyper-heuristic layer to combine local and global search properties. Therefore, randomness in the evolution, augmented with apriori knowledge from problem domain, assisted in achieving the objective of better restoration. It introduced new swarm initialization and mutation of global best particle of the swarm. In addition, an adaptive weighted regularization scheme is introduced in MEE to cater with the uncertainty due to ill-posed nature of the in- verse problem. Furthermore, a new fuzzy logic and mathematical morphology based regularization scheme is also proposed in the framework, to improve the restoration stability and generalization, for SVD images. Di erent experiments are performed to observe the performance of proposed solu- tions. Visual and quantitative results are obtained and provided for each experiment. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mean-squared-error (MSE) are computed for com- parative analysis, which endorsed better restoration quantitatively, over well-known restoration methods. However, the stability in restoration performance of proposed framework is observed in visual results, for SVD images. Detailed experimental and comparative analysis shown better restoration, stabilization and generalization of the proposed framework for varied textures in standard and simulated images, and noises over well-known restoration approaches.