تعلیم کی اہمیت
جہاں تک دیکھیے تعلیم کی فرمانروائی ہے
جو سچ پوچھو تو نیچے علم ہے اوپر خدائی ہے
تاریخ کی ورق گردانی کریں تو یہ بات اظہر من الشمس ہے کہ اس دنیا کے اندر جو بھی کارہائے نمایاں سر انجام دیے گئے وہ صرف اور صرف تعلیم ہی کی بدولت تھے ۔تعلیم ایک فرد میں جرأت مندی حوصلہ، دلیری، ثابت قدمی، قناعت پسندی ، صداقت، لیاقت، امانت اور دیانت جیسی عظیم صفات کی موجودگی کا سبب بنتی ہے۔
قرآنِ پاک کا مطالعہ کریں تو پتہ چلتا ہے کہ تعلیم کی کتنی اہمیت ہے۔ حضرت آدم ںمسجودِ ملائکہ بنے تو تعلیم ہی کے ذریعے یعنی اللہ تعالیٰ نے آپؐ کو اشیاء کاعلم سکھا دیا۔ طالوت کو بادشاہت ملی تو سبب علم ہی کو بتایا گیا۔ اگر حضرت یوسف کو سیاہ و سفید کا مالک بنایا گیا اور مصر کی بادشاہت ملی تو اس کا سبب بھی تعلیم ہی بنی۔ آپؐ نے فرمایا کہ اِنّی حَفِیْظ عَلم علا وہ از یں متعدد مقامات پرتعلیم ہی کا ذکر ہے کہ اس کے ذریعے کا ئنات میں مختلف امور سرانجام دیے گئے۔ اللہ تعالیٰ نے حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کو ہر اس شے کا علم عطا فرمایا جو آپ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم نہیں جانتے تھے۔ ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے کہ’’ اور سکھادیاتمہیں جو تو نہیں جانتا تھا‘‘(القرآن) اللہ تعالیٰ کی ذات کے بعد اگر کسی ہستی کا مرتبہ علیٰ و اَرفع ہے تو رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی ذات ہے لیکن اس کے باوجود بھی وہ یوں دعا کرتے ہیں کہ ’’یارب العالمین میرے علم میں اضافہ فرما‘‘تعلیم کی اہمیت ہر دور میں مسلمہ رہی ہے۔
حدیث نبوی میں ہے کہ:
’’ علم حاصل کرو گود سے لے کر گورتک‘‘ (الحدیث)
’’علم حاصل کرنا ہر مرد...
Those who abused the Prophet r, and accused him of violence, slander and falsely, had never listened to the call of the mind. They should never ignore the one of the most important verses of the holy book revealed from the Creator, Allah Almighty, that Prophet Muhammad r has been sent to the mankind purely for offering mercy. How can they neglect the fact that the Prophet r himself said if he was a leader without mercy, people around him did not accompany him. When we study the life of Prophet r, we observe that all factions of the society, whether they are slaves or independent, Muslims or non- Muslims, men or women, beloved friends or worst enemies; they were behaved not only with extreme justice, but with utmost mercy. So we find that it was a mercy in everything, in education, in advocacy and in legislation, in war and peace, in the family and society, and in all walks of life, etc. In this article, aspect of mercy in the personality of holy Prophet Muhammad r has been discussed in detail. Opinions of the Orientalists are also presented in the article. Aspect of mercy was not only an ingredient of the personality of Prophet r, but He r also made mercy a part of his followers’ personalities. So history witnesses that there was an elongated reign of peace in the world, whenever Muslim Rulers were in power.
A very fast, economical and simple direct spectrophotometric method was investigated for Paracetamol (PC) determination in aqueous medium without using any reagent. The method is based on the photo activation of the analyte at 243 nm after dissolution in water. The change in structure of PC after addition of water was studied by comparing the corresponding FTIR spectra. Optimization studies were conducted by using a 5 μg ml-1 standard solution of the analyte. Various parameters studied include, time for stability and measurement of spectra, effect of HCl, NaOH, CH3COOH and NH3 for change in absorbance and shift in spectra, interference by some analgesic drugs and some polar solvents and temperature effect. After optimization, Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 0.3–20 μg ml-1 PC solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and detection limit of 0.1 μg ml-1 for 3/1 S/N ratio. The newly developed method was successfully applied for PC determination in some locally available tablets and urinary samples. The proposed method is very useful for quick analysis of various types of solid and liquid samples containing PC. Another spectrophotometric work describes a simple, sensitive, rapid and economical analytical procedure for direct spectrophotometric evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium (DS) using aqueous medium without using a chemical reagent. Parameters like time, temperature, acidic and basic conditions and interference by analgesic drugs was studied for a 5μg ml-1 solution of DS at 276 nm. Under optimized parameters, a linear working range of 0.1–30 mg ml-1 with regression coefficient of 0.9998 and lower detection limit of 0.01 mg ml-1 was obtained. The method was applied for DS contents in tablets, serum and urine samples. v A new method was developed for the determination of paracetamol by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at carbon film electrode (CFE). The experimental parameters, such as pH of Britton-Robinson buffer and potentials for regeneration of electrode surface were optimized. Under optimized conditions in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 4.0 a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.02–100 μmol L-1. The limit of determination was 0.034 μmol L-1 which showed high sensitivity of developed method. The method was applied for the quantitative determination of Paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations as well as urine samples. A rapid, reliable and economical analytical procedure for the estimation of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine samples was developed using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For the determination of ibuprofen, a KBr window with 500 μm spacer was used to acquire the FT-IR spectra of standards, pharmaceuticals as well as urine samples. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) calibration model was developed based on carbonyl region (C=O) from 1807-1461 cm−1 in the range from 10- 1000 ppm. The developed model was checked by cross-validation steps to diminish standard error of the models, such as root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). The good coefficient of determination (R2) was achieved 0.999 with minimum standard errors RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP 1.89, 1.956 and 1.38, respectively. The other method was based on indirect determination of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) utilizing differential pulse voltammetry at carbon film electrode as working electrode. The theory of indirect determination of ASA is based on the hydrolysis of aspirin in salicylic acid (SA) for detection. Moreover, we optimized conditions such as pH of Britton-Robinson buffer, potentials for regeneration and activation of electrode surface, amplitude and scan rate. Under optimized conditions in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 2.0 a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.2 – 100 μmol L-1. The limit of determination was 0.15 μmol L-1 which showed high sensitivity of developed method. The method for indirect determination of ASA was thus developed for the quantification of pharmaceutical formulations as well in human urine model samples.