The Health and Sanitary Status of Mamanwa Indigenous People in Selected Areas in Caraga Region

This study aims to determine the health and sanitary status of the Mamanwa indigenous people in selected areas in CARAGA Region. The respondents were the Mamanwa people who are residents of Cantugas, Mainit, Surigao del Norte community, and Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte community. The study used descriptive research design utilizing questionnaire and personal interview in gathering the data. The total population of the respondents is 69 and respondents from both communities were selected based on simple random design.   The study used percentage and mode/majority criterion, weighted mean, and Kendal-tau correlation. The findings showed that in the extent of health and sanitation education which was divided into three factors: Factor 1 which is the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices shows a mean rating described as always except for item 9. Factor 2 was about exposure to health and sanitation campaign and education show a mean rating of sometimes. Factor 3 is about awareness on health and sanitation show a mean rating of sometimes. On the economic status of Mamanwa people which was the (factor 1) economic status of Mamanwa parents, 75.4% of the Mamanwa parents send their children to school and 64.9% of Mamanwa parents’ allocated budget for clothing and other personal necessities. On social status of the location (factor 2), only 35.1% of the respondents said that they have proper waste disposal and segregation.  The results showed that Mamanwa children regardless of sex and age were undernourished and there is a significant relationship between the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices with hygiene on health care where it had an R-value of 0.47 and 0.35 respectively. Lastly, only economic factor on the social status of the location had a significant relationship on the health status of Mamanwa children in terms of BMI which had an R-value -0.20 and p-value 0.049.

Characterization of Soil and Environmental Factors Conducive for Chickpea Wilt Caused by Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Ciceris Padwick and its Management

Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris (Padwick) is a devastating disease of the chickpea crop throughout the world, wherever, chickpea is grown. Soil / environmental factors play an important role for wilt disease development. For successful and economical management characterization of soil and environmental factors conducive for wilt disease development and identification of resistant sources within available germplasm against wilt disease are very important. Three hundred and eighteen genotypes obtained from various sources were evaluated under sick plot conditions against chickpea wilt disease incidence. The experiment was planted in augmented design with single replication, repeated twice during the years of 2010-11 and 2011-12. Natural inoculums was relied upon for infection based upon a disease rating scale and area under disease progressive curve, only three lines/varieties (5006, k021-10 and k035-10) were found to be highly resistant during the both years of investigation. Most of the lines/varieties were moderately resistant to susceptible (21-50% Disease incidence). A significant co-relation of environmental/ soil variables (i.e. maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall soil max. /min. temperature and soil moisture) with disease incidence was recorded on 40 chickpea lines. Maximum disease development occurred at temperature range of 23-28 . For the management of chickpea wilt disease fungicides and biological control agents were used both in vitro and glass house assay. In-vitro study showed that Carbendazim proved to be best among the fungicides, while among the bio-control agents Pseudomonas fluorescens was more efficient against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris. These treatments also proved effective in glass house by lowering the number of chickpea wilted plants.