Search or add a thesis

Advanced Search (Beta)
Home > Politics of Alliances

Politics of Alliances

Thesis Info

Author

Zafarullah Khan

Department

National Institute of Pakistan Studies, QAU.

Program

Mphil

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1991

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

96

Subject

Pakistan Studies

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Phil PAK/11

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-02-19 12:33:56

ARI ID

1676719339460

Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel
Asian Research Index Whatsapp Chanel

Join our Whatsapp Channel to get regular updates.

Similar


Loading...
Loading...

Similar Books

Loading...

Similar Chapters

Loading...

Similar News

Loading...

Similar Articles

Loading...

Similar Article Headings

Loading...

عشق وپار

عشق وپار
کر عشق دا کاروبار کڑے
تاں ہوسی بیڑا پار کڑے

نشہ عشق شراب دا کیتا توں
بھر جام محبت پیتا توں
دل دامن چاک نوں سیتا توں
بھاویں جان دتی تو وار کڑے

تیری ہرنی وانگ چھلانگ کڑے
تیری ڈاہڈی سوہنی مانگ کڑے
جد سنیں گی عشق دی بانگ کڑے
تینوں ملسی چین قرار کڑے

تیری زلف دے پیچ اوّلے نیں
تیرے ہتھ وچ بھاندے چھلے نیں
سب سجناں دے دل ہلے نیں
تینوں پھبدا ہار سنگھار کڑے
تیرے ہونٹاں سرخی بھاندی اے
کیتی مکھ دی صفت نہ جاندی اے
دل دھار کجل دی کھاندی اے
ہویا تیر کلیجوں پار کڑے

تیری صورت بھولی بھالی اے
اکھ تیری کجلے والی اے
بڑی اوکھی سرت سنبھالی اے
جد کیتا سی دیدار کڑے

پھُل مانگ تیری وچ سجرے نی
چنگے لگدے تینوں گجرے نی
دے درشن سوہنیے فجرے نی
ہن مویاں نوں ناں مار کڑے

تینوں قادریؔ اَج سمجھاوے نی
توں چڑھ جا عشق کچاوے نی
ایہہ رب سچا فرماوے نی
بس عاشق ہونے پار کڑے

ب
بہاول نگر دے اُردو بازار وچوں ہک وار مُرشد سائیں لنگیا سی
کاسہ پکڑ محبوب دے پیش ہوکے میں تا در دلے دا منگیا سی
خوش ہو محبوب نے کرم کیتا سانوں اپنے رنگ وچ رنگیا سی
چاولہ سائیں ؔ بلھے شاہ دی اے روش پکڑی نائیں بھٹی سداوندا سنگیا سی

پاکستانی نوجوان’’ فکری انحراف، اسباب اور سدباب‘‘ اسوہ حسنہ کی روشنی میں

The Pakistani youth are engaged day and night in a struggle for attainment of education, technology, and status. But what is deplorable is that they have forgotten their cultural values, ethics, code of life, and religious identity in order to unite with external powers in becoming part of the drive for development and they have become ignorant of their fundamental responsibilities as a member of the Muslim Ummah. What are the priorities and issues facing Muslims on the local, national, and international levels? Especially in Europe and America the Muslim youth are standing at the crossroads. They are undergoing a religious, ideological, and moral decline. History is eye witness to how the Muslim youth made valuable sacrifices in all walks of life and persevered in making incredible achievements. Moreover, it is the three-fold ideological, cultural, and emotional invasion of the anti-Islamic forces which has been the cause of a weakening of faith in the Muslim Ummah in general and the young generation in particular, since ideology is of primary significance for any nation, religion, movement, or group. It is true that nations are formed and sustained on the basis of ideology. The moment the ideological base is weakened, decline and dissolution become the fate of nations. They are unaware of how it is our foremost national duty and an urgent need to develop scholars who would propagate the Islamic agenda. Contrastively, the anti-Islamic forces are engaged in engendering their representatives. Hence, in order to safeguard our youth from ideological and religious dissolution it is necessary that educational and cultural steps are taken in society in advance so that our youth are provided with a wholesome environment free of ideological dissolution. An outline of the article is given below: The importance and significance of the prime of youth, The ideological propensities of the youth, The causes of dissension in youth, The remedy of dissension, are discussed in detail in this article.

Molecular Genetic Elucidation of Inherited Retinal Diseases

Molecular Genetic Elucidation of Inherited Retinal Diseases Inherited retinal dystrophies are characterized by gradual loss of vision due to underlying degeneration of light sensitive photoreceptors or the surrounding retinal pigment epithelium. Clinical subtype of RD called Retinitis pigmentosa involves progressive degeneration of Rod photoreceptor cells earlier in life than the cones cells, and represents one of the most common forms. As rod cells are sensitive to dim light the patients first experience night vision problems but might eventually end up with complete blindness as the degeneration prevails. Of the inherited forms of RP the autosomal recessive inheritance pattern is most common and accounts for more than 50% of cases. RP is genetically heterogeneous, where arRP is at the extreme as mutations in about 40 genes are known to cause same phenotype. Despite large number of genes associated with arRP these genes only explain about 60% of the cases and hence the further research is warranted to find out the missing pieces. In three families, missense mutations were identified in TULP1, which include p.(Thr380Ala), p.(Arg482Gln), and p.(Lys489Arg). In three arRP families protein- truncating mutations were identified in ABCA4 p.(Gln2220*), AIPL1 p.(Trp278*) and CERKL p.(Arg283*). In three families novel missense mutations were identified in different genes, which include CNGA1 (p.(Gly433Asp), EYS (p.(Asp2767Tyr) and PDE6A (p.(Arg544Trp). A novel splice site mutation (c.2493-2A>G; p.(?), was identified in CNGB1 in a family with arRP. In five other unrelated arRP families, previously reported mutations were identified, which include two families with a missense mutation p.(Glu150Lys) in RHO, two families with mutations p.(Arg44Gln) and p.(Ser121Leufs*6) in RPE65, and one family with a mutation p.(Thr745Met) in CRB1. In an X-linked RP family the causative mutation p.(Glu809Glyfs*25) was identified in RPGR. A splice site mutation c.488-1G>A; p.(?) in IQCB1 was identified in a family with syndromic RP. Two families with fundus albipunctatus were identified to have a frameshift p.(Val305Hisfs*29) and a missense p.(Met253Arg) mutation in RDH5 gene. xiiIn an arRP family Exome next generation sequencing (NGS) helped to identify a plausible pathogenic variant c.3269G>A; p.(Arg1090Gln) in SNRNP200, a gene previously found to be mutated in autosomal dominant RP (adRP). We hypothesize that the mutation identified in the Pakistani arRP family represents a hypomorphic variant but further experiments are warranted to prove the causality of the mutation. An overlapping homozygous region was identified that was shared between all the affected individuals of two arRP families. The region encompasses CLRN1, a gene previously found to be mutated in Usher syndrome type III. Two novel missense mutations p.(Pro31Leu) and p.(Leu154Trp) were identified, which were proven to be pathogenic. Hence a novel genotype-phenotype correlation was established for CLRN1. Taking together, sequence variants were identified in 32 of 41 (78%) families of our Pakistani RD cohort, which very likely explains the retinal phenotypes. In addition, we were able to identify nine potential novel arRP loci, which are likely to harbor novel retinal disease gene.