عبدالمجیب سہالوی
افسوس ہے کہ ۲؍ نومبر ۲۰۰۱ء کو مشہور مزاحیہ نگار اور صحافی عبدالمجیب سہالوی کا انتقال ہوگیا ان کا وطن ضلع بارہ بنکی کا قصبہ سہالی تھا جو درس نظامی کے بانی ملا نظام الدین کا وطن ہونے کی بنا پر عالم گیر شہرت رکھتا ہے۔ مرحوم عبدالمجیب سہالوی کی تعلیم دار العلوم ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں ہوئی پھر انہوں نے لکھنؤ یونیورسٹی سے وکالت کی ڈگری لی مگر صحافت کے پیشہ سے وابستہ رہے۔
ان کو ادب کی مخصوص صنف طنز و مزاح سے دلچسپی تھی، ایک زمانے میں لکھنو سے نکلنے والا مشہور روزنامہ قومی آواز پورے اترپردیش میں چھایا ہوا تھا، مگر پچھلے کئی برسوں سے وہ یہاں سے تو غائب ہوگیا مگر اس کو اور اس کے فکاہی کالم ’’گلوریاں‘‘ کو ابھی تک لوگ بھولے نہیں ہیں۔ یہ کالم سہالوی صاحب ہی لکھتے تھے اور اس کی وجہ سے ان کو بڑی شہرت ملی۔ لکھنؤ کی شستہ و شیریں زبان اور طنز و مزاح کا کالم سونے پر سہاگا ہوتا تھا۔
ان کے دلچسپ فکاہی مضامین کا ایک مجموعہ ’’مفلسی میں آٹا گیلا‘‘ کے نام سے عرصہ ہوا شائع ہوا تھا جو بہت پسند کیا گیا۔ انہوں نے طویل عمر پائی لیکن عرصے سے ان کا نام سننے میں نہیں آرہا تھا گویا موتواقبل ان تموتوا کی تفسیر ہوگئے تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ادب و صحافت کے اس خادم کی مغفرت فرمائے اور پس ماندگان کو تسلی عطا کرے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، جنوری ۲۰۰۲ء)
This article highlights the religious, literary and political work of Moulana ShÉista Gul famous by the name of Mathe Mulla of Khyber Puktun Khawa (1303 A. H-1401A. H. 1886A. D-1981A. D MardÉn) He was well-known scholar of Qura’n, ×adith and Fiqah, his great contribution was to promote political awareness in the community with the concept ofTwo Nations Theory by his affiliation with Muslim League under the leadership of Quaid-eAÐam Muhammad Ali JinnaÍ. He was the convener of Jamiat ul AÎfia which was organized by the eminent religious leaders of that time to implement Sharia law in Pakistan. He was devoted to make Islam a living reality during his life time, his literary work is aimed to improve human communication and develop a better understanding among the people of this region. His monumental work was originally in Pashto widely spoken and understood in the North West of Pakistan. He was teaching and preaching Islam nearly in a span of seventy years. The main objective was to alleviate the deteriorating conditions of the Muslim society and to defend it from external threats. He emphasized to bring change and correct the wrong believes and detrimental actions. His theological doctrines influenced his followers and decedents who promoted his mission in the light of writings and ideas expressed by him.
All┐h almighty has commanded that do not create mischief “Fas┐d” on earth after it has been set in order.(Al-I‘r┐f:56. According to the Holy Qur’┐n, this land was created neat, clean, peaceful and free from all kinds of disorders but due to subversive activities of Jinn and human being, and violation of laws revealed from God, the situation gradually changed and ultimately disorder prevailed on land and sea because of “What the people earned with their own hands” (Al-Rom: 30) Allah almighty sent revealed books and Messengers from time to time to guide the people toward the straight path and to reform the disorder on earth but disobedience continued and the situation continued to deteriorate gradually. The word ‘Fas┐d” is literally used in the meaning of putridity, wickedness, immorality, corruption, sinful act and badness. Technically, it means: the violation of commandments enjoined by the Shari‘ah nullifying its positive effects on the society”. The Hanafi jurists have used the word ‘Fasad or F┐sid for a contract where one or more of its conditions are missing. Its validity will stand restored as and when the missing conditions are fulfilled. According to majority of the jurists, the contract may be either valid or void and there is no provision of F┐sid contract. In Islamic jurisprudence, the expression ‘Fas┐d fil ’ar╔ is not used for the commission of any specific crime or sinful act. In the Holy Qur’┐n it has been used for various crimes and sinful acts ranging from minor crime, like destroying crops and cattle, less measuring, violation of the provisions of covenant, to heinous crimes like murder, dacoity, Infidelity, atheism and polytheism. Likewise, the activities of Gog and Magog, Namrod, Pharaoh, and the abominable deeds of the followers of Messenger Lut and the acts of disobedience by other tribes including Bani Israel,‘└d and Tham┴d have been termed as Fas┐d fil ’ar╔. The commentators of the Holy Qur’┐n while elaborating relevant verses on Fasad, have listed various crimes which come within the purview of Fas┐d fil ’ar╔ like, all Hud┴d and Qi╖┐╖ related crimes; infidelity; propaganda against Isl┐m and the Holy Prophet; contempt of the Holy Prophet etc. Some known scholars and writers have set a principle, according to which, a crime becomes Fas┐d fil ’ar╔ if it is committed in a horrifying manner, not in a normal way, creating terror in the locality, creating sense of insecurity in the society like using lethal weapons for killing a person, cutting his body parts into pieces or burning a dead body. In such circumstances, the crime will be treated as Fas┐d fil ’ar╔ and not a normal crime of murder. Likewise, if rape is committed in a broad day light by using weapons to create terror in the locality and forcing the victim to walk nakedly through the streets, it will be treated as Fas┐d fil ’ar╔ and not a simple crime of rape, liable to punishments prescribed for Fas┐d fil ’ar╔. According to Al-M┐idah: 33: “Those who fight against All┐h and His Messenger and run about trying to spread disorder on earth, their punishment is no other than that they shall be killed, or be crucified, or their hands and legs be cut off from different sides, or they be kept away from the land (they live in). That is a humiliation for them in this world, and there is a great punishment for them in hereafter.” According to jurists and renowned commentators of the Holy Qur’┐n, the punishment prescribed in the above verse shall not be confined to dacoity only but applied in other heinous crimes like rape, Gang rape, abduction for ransom, corruption and terrorism etc. These crimes are not less than war against All┐h and his Apostle in any sense. This view is also upheld by the Hon. Judges of superior Courts of Pakistan. It is on record that the rightly guided Caliphs had awarded death penalty for some of the crimes for which death penalty has been prescribed in the holy Quran and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet, like nonpayment of Zakat, drinking wine repeatedly, committing theft fourth times, sodomy, involvement in sorcery and incest etc. Under the principle of Siy┐sa-al-Shar‘┘ah, the head of the state or parliament has been given vast powers to take any measure to cope with the law &order situation, maintain peace and protect the interests of the community. There is a need to take benefit from the wisdom cantained in this expression while legislating laws in the country.If the expression Fasad fil ardh and the wisdom contained in it,is appropriately included in the existing criminal law, by defining it,bringing various crimes under it and prescribing punishment for it in the light of Qur’┐n and Sunnah, it will prove helpful in controlling crimes and restoring peace and tranquility in the society.