امام بلاذری بحیثیت سیرت نگار

Ansāb-ul-Ashrāf is one of the most prominent works of Aḥmad Bin Yaḥya Bin Jābir al- Balādhuri, a muslim historiographer of third Hijri Century. This book is, in fact, a genealogical form of writing history and a primary and authentic source of the Holy biography of the Holy Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ). This article comprises the life, works and especially the methodology of seerah writing of Balādhuri in his book: Ansāb-ul-Ashrāf. The distinctive characteristics of   methodology of seerah writing have been described in this article. He has presented the traditions (Riwayat) about the Seerah of Prophet Muḥammad (ﷺ) in different ways. Sometimes he mentions the whole chain of narrators and sometimes he skips the chain of narrators. The article sheds light on the methodology of seerah writing with special reference to the book Ansāb-ul-Ashrāf.

Creatine Monohydrate As a Neuroprotective Agent in Female Albino Mouse Following Neonatal Hapoxia Ischemia Encephalopathy

Female albino mice, on postnatal day 10, were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by 8% hypoxia for 25 minutes. During short term experiments three sensorimotor reflexes (Righting, Cliff Aversion and Negative geotaxis) were determined along with brain infarcts to demonstrate the effect of hypoxic-ischemic insult. During long term experiments, mice with and without hypoxic ischemic insult (HI and NO HI) were divided in to three treatments on the basis of diet supplementation (Normal rodent diet, 1% and 3% creatine supplemented diet) for 10 week following weaning on postnatal day 20. A battery of neurological tests was used to asses long term neurofunction (Rota rod, open field and Morris water maze) along with infarct measurement and determination of interleukin-6 and 18 in serum. During short term experiments mice subjected to hypoxia ischemia on postnatal day 10 exhibited poor sensorimotor reflexes 1 and 24 hour after brain injury. During long term experiment, it was observed that overall creatine supplementation in both HI and NO HI group improved neuromuscular performance but the affect was more pronounced in 3% creatine supplemented treatment. In open field, creatine supplementation enhanced locomotory and exploratory behaviour significantly in HI treated mice. During morris water maze it was observed that creatine supplementation improved spatial memory and enhanced swimming speed in both HI and NO HI groups. A significant affect of creatine supplementation in reducing infarct size was also observed. It was noticed that creatine supplementation helped in reducing IL-6 concentrations while no significant effect was observed on IL-18 concentrations in serum of female albino mice during long term experiment following hypoxic ischemic insult. Overall female albino mice supplemented with creatine monohydrate during neurological studies demonstrated better learning abilities and neuromuscular coordination and the affect was more pronounced in HI treated mice. It was also observed that the mice supplemented with 3% creatine diet performed better than mice on 1% creatine diet during series of neurological test batteries in both HI and NO HI group.