An Analytical Study of Hazrat Abdul Rehman (RA) Ibn Samara As Conqueror of Balochistan

Hazrat Abdul Rehman (may Allah be pleased with him) belonged to Arab tribe of Quraish and was a close relative of Mohammad (peace be upon him). At the time of conquest of Makkah He (may Allah be pleased with him) entered the circle of Islam. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the companions of Muhammad (may Allah be pleased with him) who came to sub-continent specially Balochistan in order to preach for Islam and Jihad during the Khilafat of orthodox caliphs. He (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Balochistan twice for Jihad and conquests first during the Khilafat of Hazrat Usman (may Allah be pleased with him) and second time in the early era of Hazrat Muawia (may Allah be pleased with him). He (may Allah be pleased with him) played a vital role in the wars of Balochistan. He (may Allah be pleased with him) established Zehri his abode and capital after conquering Kalat, Khuazdar (Sajistan), Kachi, Gandhava, and Chaghi, and from here he expanded the series of his conquests till Kabul and Qandar. Besides this, he included many areas of sub-continent in the Islamic empire of conquered areas. His (may Allah be pleased with him) life is consists of great chapters of sincerity in deeds. Wisdom and valor, determination fearlessness, strife, hospitality, simplicity and patience. He (may Allah be pleased with him) is counted among the great generals of Islam had the honour to have carried the message of Holy faith in every corner of Balochistan in tough and unfavorable conditions and planted the flag of Islam in Balochistan forever.  

Mutational Analysis of Complete Coding Sequence of Toll Like Receptor-2 Gene in Dhani and Jersey Cattle Breeds of Pakistan

The current research work focus on disease resistance and susceptibility studies in livestock animals have been on determining patterns of key proteins in the innate immune response, such as toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) gene primary role in the recognition of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) from bacterial ligands. To date, ten members of TLRs family have been identified in cattle. The objective of the present study was to detect polymorphisms in the genomic sequences of TLR-2 gene in two important cattle breeds Bhagnari and locally adapted exotic Freisian. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on complete coding sequences of TLR-2 gene to describe the relationship between the breeds. Mutations in coding sequences of TLR2 gene in Dhani and Jersey were studied. The complete coding sequence of TLR2 gene consists of 2355 base pair [bp] was determined. The amino acid [aa] sequence of the coding region corresponds to a protein of 784 amino acids long with predicted molecular weight 104 kDa and 6.97 pI value. The amino acid sequence analysis showed extracellular domain composed of leucine rich repeats (LRR), trans- membrane domain and Toll-IL receptor domain in the protein. Nucleotide sequences of TLR2 gene in Dhani cattle breed revealed a total of 35 polymorphisms. In the analysis 66% polymorphisms were synonymous caused no changes in protein and 34% were non-synonyms. Overall 20 polymorphisms were observed in Extracellular domain, five variants in trans-membrane, three polymorphisms in unknown region and seven mutations in TLR domain were detected. In Jersey cattle breed, a total of 21 polymorphisms were detected, in which 52% were synonymous and 48% were non-synonymous. Protein analysis showed that 15 mutations were observed in region specifying the Extracellular domain, three in Trans-membrane domain and three polymorphisms in TLR domain. The finding of this research revealed that detected polymorphisms may be associated with PAMPs mediated di?erential TLR signaling of bovine immunity and could determine the outcome of infection.