Educational Philosophy Imam Al-Ghazali’s Perspective

Islam is a divine religion. It is based on divine revelation (Holy Quran) and sunnah of the Holy Prophet ﷺ. As a religion it is a complete code of life. It does not deal with worships only but addresses all fields of life. Like Beliefs and worship, Islam focuses on education also. As a last and chosen religion, it motivates human beings to seek knowledge. The first word of the first revelation (Chapter Al-alaq) starts with Iqra means Read. In first five ayat of chapter Al-alaq, the basic requirement for enhance of education (Read, knowledge and pen) have been mentioned six times. Similarly, the Holy Prophet r took many steps for imparting education. In this connection, the example of first residential university (Suffa’h) is sufficient. Imam Ghazali one of the most famous Muslim thinkers discusses the education in his books in detail. He was born in 448 AH (1057 CE) at Tabaran a town in the district of Tus, which lies within the Khorasan Province of Iran and died on 18 December (1111 CE). In this article knowledge, its classification, stages, curriculum, art of teaching, responsibility of both teachers as well as students have been discussed in the light of Imam Ghazali educational philosophy.

Perceptions of Idp Children and Regular School Children of Class Seven About Schooling in Emergency Situations: Case Studies from Kashmore

A large number of children regularly experience educational interruption because of natural disasters. Donning and rehabilitation agencies only impart first hand educational needs as a tactical planning. However, there is an imperative need of continuous educational access to all children, and the need for resource and curricular policies to deal with frequent disruption, as well as a call for the inclusion of an emergency education practically in traditional educational policy which seems to be impractical. This study tries to unpack this notion with respect to the perceptions of IDP children and the normal school children of class seven about schooling in emergency. To understand the perceptions and hopes of the children of both the categories in comparison, qualitative research design was used with four case studies; two cases from IDP children and two from regular school children. They were voluntarily enrolled for the study. Data was collected by probing them with the help of semi-structured interviews as a data collection tool along with non-participant observation. This study has explored the perceptions of IDP children and regular school children to know their feelings about school and their future hopes in comparison with the regular students of that school where the relief camp was established. My research participants were class seven children who are actually preparing to enter into a transition phase of going to secondary level classes and they seem to have a strong understanding of their future plans and aspiration to share. The findings of the study revealed that there was a strong agreement with regard to imparting emergency education during these flood emergency days. Although the urgency was shown with some differences by both the categories, yet one thing was inevitably strong and common; the implementation of emergency education as promised in the National Education Policy 2009. There must be strategic planning to address this issue and achieve the promises made at the policy and planning level.