مولانا محمد جعفر شاہ پھلواروی
مولانا محمد جعفر شاہ، پھلواروی شریف(بہار)کے ایک نامی گرامی خانوادۂ علم و تصوف کے چشم وچراغ تھے، ندوۃ العلماء لکھنؤ میں تعلیم پائی تھی، فراغت کے بعد ادھر اُدھر رہے۔ آخرپاکستان گورنمنٹ کی سرپرستی میں لاہور میں ادارۂ ثقافت اسلامیہ قائم ہوا تومولانا اس سے ایسے وابستہ ہوئے کہ عمر وہیں گزار دی۔ اس دور میں انھوں نے’’المعارف‘‘میں مقالات لکھے اور متعدد اہم اورفکرانگیز کتابیں بھی تصنیف کیں۔ ان کی کتاب’’اسلام اورموسیقی‘‘اورمسائل اجتہادیہ پربعض حلقوں میں کافی شورش ہوئی لیکن مرحوم کے موقف میں کوئی تبدیلی پیدا نہیں ہوئی۔ان کی علمی استعداد پختہ تھی، مطالعہ وسیع تھا، طبیعت غوروفکر کی عادی تھی اور ان کا جوہر ذہانت وطباعی خداداد اورفطری تھا۔۱۹۶۹ء اور۱۹۷۶ء میں ان سے لاہور میں متعدد ملاقاتیں ہوئیں، جب کبھی ملے توبڑے تپاک اورمحبت سے ملے، ایک مرتبہ گھر پر مدعو بھی کیا۔ میں نے ہمیشہ یہ محسوس کیا کہ مرحوم اپنی تحریروں کے آئینہ میں جس قدر آزاد خیال نظرآتے ہیں، عقیدہ و عمل اوراخلاق وشمائل کے اعتبار سے اسی درجہ کے پکے اورسچے مسلمان اور عالم باعمل تھے۔ ادارۂ ثقافت اسلامیہ لاہور سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد وہ لاہور سے کراچی میں سکونت پذیر اورگوشہ نشین ہوگئے تھے۔اللھم اغفرلھماوارحمھما [جولائی۱۹۸۲ء]
Allah Almighty is the creator of the whole universe. He bestowed wisdom and intellect to humanbeings. He sent his prophets for their guidance. Prophets taught how to worship Almighty Allah by heart and serve humanity. After Prophets, it is the responsibility of religious scholars to guide people to the right way. Islam also explicitly encourages inward reform. Sub continent Indo-Pak has the privilege of being the gateway of Islam, as well as the benefit of great Islamists and brave people. The great scholars of Islam, Ulama, Hufaaz, Writers, Researchers, Intellectuals, Scientists and saints got birth on this pure land. These great personalities served their religion Islam with their self-determinations and eliminated the darkness of ignorance and eliminated the darkness of misguidance. Such great human lives and their educational, religious and literary activities have been documented, as the next generation could be aware of their great hostilities, writings and made their lives and their experiences as a model for themselves. Maulānā Ḥamadullah Ḥālajwī is one of them. He was a prominent pious Islamic scholar, researcher and a saint. He spent his whole life to follow the commands of Almighty Allah and the teachings of Holy Prophet (PBUH). He adapted his life according to the Sunnah. He used to do everything according to the Sunnah. He was a master of good personality and good character. His words were full of wisdom. During his meeting or statement, it seemed as if there was a sea of knowledge, whose ripples were visible in his sermons. He used to make great arrangements for payment of religious duties. He was very pious and devout. His life is an ideal life and his religious and academic services are unpredictable. Practicing the Sunnah had become his mark and identity. He urged others to follow the commands of Allah and His Messenger (PBUH). Sitting in the company of such pious saints is also considered in worship. The bigger his personality, the more humble and controversial he was. This is actually the identity of a mediator and scholar. He was oceans of knowledge and action. The vacuum created by his death takes a long time to fill. Such individuals survive for centuries.
The present study was designed to investigate the bacterial production of vanillin exploring local natural sources like sewage and soil from industrial areas. The main objective was to screen the local bacterial strains for vanillin production and using these bacteria to enhance vanillin production in modified conditions. A total of 412 bacterial strains were isolated from 47 soil and 13 sewage samples collected from different industrial regions of the Punjab (Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala and Kasur). After primary screening 279 bacterial strains showed vanillin production and 133 strains were non producers. Quantitative analysis of vanillin production was measured as absorbance by standard curve at 434nm using spectrophotometer. Total fifteen bacterial strains produced significant (p< 0.001) amount of vanillin ranging from 1-10g/L and identified by ribotyping as Pseudomonas fluorescens A3, Enterococcus faecium A4, Alcaligene faecalis A7, Bacillus subtilis A10, Enterococcus lactis B1, Bacillus cereus B8, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B20, Bacillus pumilus D3, Escherachia coli D7, Enterobacter hormaechei E9, Bacillus cereus M2, Weissella paramesenteroides N3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa N9, Aerococcus viridans H8 and Escherachia coli S7. Among these fifteen strains five bacterial strains Enterococcus faecium A4, Alcaligene faecalis A7, Enterobacter hormaechei E9, Aerococcus viridans H8 and Weissella paramesenteroides N3 were novel producing moderate amount of vanillin ranging from 4.9- 8.8g/L. The selected strains were further explored for enhanced production of vanillin and were grown in different fermentation media under optimized growth conditions. Different fermentation media were based upon clove oil, rice bran waste, wheat bran and modified isoeugenol (FM5, FM21, FM22, FM23, FM24, FM30, FM31, FM32, FM34, FM35, FM36, FM37). Isoeugenol based modified medium FM36 (cost 131.5 rupees/L) containing 1% isoeugenol and 2.5g/L soya bean meal produced highest amount of vanillin ranging from 17.3g/L-18.5g/L by two selected bacterial strains A10 Bacillus subtilis (KT962919) and B20 P. aeruginosa (KT962920) respectively. Rice bran based medium FM32 (cost 49.7 rupees/L) containing 60g rice bran waste produced minimum 4.3g/L vanillin by S7 E. coli (KT962918). In conclusion current study indicated a significant amount of vanillin production in different modified fermentation media which are low cost, easily available and natural. A commercial production of vanillin using native bacterial isolates needs to be further explored in Pakistan. Bioconversion of vanillin using natural sources will be environment/consumer friendly along with cost effective and easily available. Pakistan a developing country spending quite a large amount 780 million rupees for the import of chemically synthesized vanillin (150,000 Kg) every year. There is a dire need to explore local sources for the bio production of vanillin.