عورت کی وراثت اور پاکستان میں سماجی و قانونی حیثیت کا اسلامی تعلیما ت کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ

The Holy Quran is seen as the ultimate source of guidance and knowledge in Islam. It defines inheritance as automatic transfer of possession by which estate person transfers to the heirs as succession. In the Quran Surat Al Nisa explains about inheritane in just a manner that is due to each individual, male female. This Surah of the Quran has clearly specifies that women should no longer be treated as cattle and commodities, but as individuals, they have the legal right to inherit. The Quran mentions plainly the women right of inheritance in Surat Al Nisa : “ Allah Charge you concerning (i provision for) your children : to the male equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be women more than two, then theirs is two-third of inheritance, and there be one(only) then the half. Islam gives the women right of inheritance, but the practical situation is different in society and country laws of inheritance. Women are often deprived of this fundamental right especially when it comes inheritance of immoveable assets i.e land. There are numerous reasons to deprive women from inheritance, for example cultural practices such as considering dowry as an alternate to inheritance etc. But the major cause is lack of knowledge and awareness regarding Shariah Law and state legislature due to rampant literacy and dominant role of customs and culture. This research article is an attempt to describe Islamic Law of inheritance along with the extensive study to analyze the practical social and legal status in Pakistani society, and awareness among the women of Pakistan.

Studies on Floral Biodiversity of District Mianwali and Allied Areas With Emphasis on Ethnobotanical Uses

This study confined to the ethnobotanical exploration in District Mianwali and surrounding areas based on plant resources with particular emphasis on documentation of indigenous knowledge from local communities. The area is located adjacent to salt range and arid region of Punjab Province, Pakistan with unique hills of Kala Bagh Estate, Musa khail and Chashma Barrage. The study was carried out to assess the linkage among the people with the ethnobotanical potential of the area. The people of the area have close relationship with surrounding plant resources and have for a long time dependent on plant resources for their food, health, shelter, fodder, fuel wood and other cultural purposes. In total 448 species were reported to be used for various purposes as 150 species of medicinal value, 71 as ethnoveterinary, 40 fuel wood, 16 timber, 66 fodder, 14 of agricultural implements, 45 vegetables / pots herbs, 31 bee flora and 15 species were used as fruit yielding. It is stated from this study that the area has great potential of plant resources with rich heritage of indigenous knowledge regarding the use of these species. However during the surveys it was found that the area is under severe pressure of habitat degradation, population pressure, extensive cutting of fuel wood, timber and non timber forest products (NTFPs) species. The study concludes that there is the need of time to aware the indigenous communities to protect and conserve their plant resources by educating each other for sustainable development and utilization. The study strongly recommend to adopt practical measures including in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies by the Government, policy makers, forest departments, wild life institutions by the involvement of local communities for future generation.