نیل کے سنگ سنگ
پروفیسر غضنفر علی
(جامعہ ملیہ اسلامیہ ،دہلی، ہندوستان)
کچھ لوگ دیکھی ہوئی دنیا کو بھی ٹھیک سے دیکھ نہیں پاتے کہ وہ نگاہوں میں آتی تو ہے مگر پتلیوں سے نکل جاتی ہے۔ مگر کچھ لوگ ایسے بھی ہوتے ہیں کہ دنیا کو خود تو جی بھر کر دیکھتے ہی ہیں، اپنی دیکھی ہوئی اس دنیا کو دوسروں کی آنکھوں میں بھی منتقل کر دینا چاہتے ہیں۔ ان کی اس چاہ کے پیچھے منشا یہ ہوتا ہے کہ وہ دنیا کے رنگ و آہنگ کو ان دیدوں تک بھی پہنچا دیں جن کی نگاہیں پپوٹوں کے اندر بند رہتی ہیں اور پلکوں کی چلمنوں سے کبھی باہر نہیں نکل پاتیں۔ وہ چاہتے ہیں کہ ان کی طرح دوسرے بھی دیکھیں کہ دنیا کتنی حسین ہے۔ اس کی فضائوں میں کیسی رنگینی ہے۔ اس کی ہوائوں میں کس قدر سنگینی ہے۔ اس کی ادائوں میں کیسی دل نشینی ہے۔ وہ بھی یہ منظر دیکھیں کہ جب جہاز کے جھروکوں سے جھانکتے ہیں تو منظر کیسے بدل جاتے ہیں، کیا کیا کس روپ میں ڈھل جاتے ہیں، دیکھیں کہ لمبی چوڑی عمارتیں ماچس کی ڈبیا بن جاتی ہیں، چوڑی چوڑی سڑکیں یہاں تک کہ شاہراہیں بھی سکڑ کر پگڈنڈیوں کا روپ دھار لیتی ہیں۔ اونچے اونچے پیڑ گل بوٹے دکھائی دینے لگتے ہیں،پہاڑ ، دریا، گائوں، شہر سب سفید روئی کے گالوں میں چھپ جاتے ہیں۔ آسمان قریب آجاتا ہے۔ زمین دور ہو جاتی ہے۔ سجی سنہری پھول کی مانند کھلی کھلی سی رنگین تتلیاں ٹرالیوں میں پانی کی ننھی منی پیاری پیاری سی بوتلیں اور رنگ برنگی ٹافیاں لے کر چلتی ہیںتو مسافروں کی آنکھوں میں پیار اُمڈ آتا ہے اور بنا پیاس کے بھی ہونٹ پھڑپھڑااُٹھتے ہیں۔
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Program Studi S1 Manajemen UIN Suska Riau dan Program Studi S1 Manajemen UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung , Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Komparatif membandingkan dua gejalan pada objek yang berbeda,dalam penelitian ini jumlah sampel sebesar 96 responden yaitu masing masing 48 sampel adalah mahasiswa program studi S1 Manajemen UIN Suska Riau dan 48 sampel adalah mahasiswa program studi S1 Manajemen UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Nilai R2 ( R Square ) Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Manajemen 0.490 atau 49 % dan Nilai R2 ( R Square ) Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Manajemen UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Saran dalam penelitian ini bahwa seharusnya mahasiswa UIN Suska Riau lebih bijak menggunakan fasilitas internet dan sebaiknya kecanduang internat pada mahasiswa UIN Bandung digunakan untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan untuk kegiatan bisnis seperti bisnis online yang sangat menarik dalam prospek bisnis di era digitalisasi sekarang.
The one of the key elements in the uplift of socioeconomic conditions of low income and poor people is the provision of financial services to them. Low income and poor people require small financial services to boost their business and improve production and sales. Microfinance has ability to address their constraint of short capital and access to financial services. Microfinance is the provision of small financial services including credit, savings and insurance to low income and poor people and assumed as a major strategy to reduce poverty in Pakistan. Microfinance enhances the business growth of micro and small businessmen and play vital role in generating income and asset of rural households. Government of Pakistan has made lots of efforts to promote microfinance and alleviate poverty in the country. In the last decade the microfinance industry in Pakistan got immense growth and various stakeholders are operating in this sector with the motive of providing financial services to low income and poor people. The micro loans provided by Microfinance Providers in rural areas are believed to play important role in the securing livelihood of rural people and alleviate rural poverty by increasing income and asset of rural household. This study examines, whether the provision of microfinance in rural households has a positive contribution in the socioeconomic uplift of rural people and if so, up to what extent the microfinance is beneficial. In order to analyze the role of microfinance in poverty alleviation and measure the benefits of it to low income and poor people in Sindh province of Pakistan, this study selected Mirpurkhas district as a case study. The study was conducted in selected villages of the Mirpurkhas district on microfinance beneficiaries. There were three major Microfinance Providers (MFPs) were included in the analysis and study sample was drawn from the clients of Khushhalibank Limited (KBL), First Microfinance Bank (FMFB) and National Rural Support Program (NRSP). The analysis includes 350 microfinance beneficiaries of Mirpurkhas. The study also examined the role of microfinance in rural businesses of rural poor in Sindh, by knowing the extent of access of credit over farm and XXII non-farm activities and correlated the provision of microfinance with poverty alleviation and socioeconomic characteristics among the participants in the study area. The findings of the study show that despite of poor infrastructure MFPs have made successful access to remote areas where very limited life facilities available to the population. Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) have maximized their access to poor people through group lending philosophy. There are very favorable lending policies for poor people that attract rural population to microfinance institutions and they are better alternate of the local money lenders who usually charge higher interest rates as compared to the microfinance industry. Microfinance has provided access to credit and other financial services to low income and poor people on a sustainable basis. Microfinance Providers generally offer three types of services to their clients in rural areas. These are small loans, smaller savings, and micro insurance. In rural areas, small farmers, landless tenants and micro entrepreneurs are the target market of microfinance and have got microfinance services from different MFPs. This research study provides empirical evidence of positive significant relationship between microfinance and rural businesses of agriculture, livestock and micro enterprises. The rural poor get their livelihood from the agriculture and related activities. The agriculture and livestock farming are major rural businesses in the rural areas. This study has found a significant relationship with microfinance and socioeconomic conditions of rural poor in the study area. It is found in a study that microfinance has a positive significant relationship with household income and assets. The annual net income of microfinance clients was noted higher. The employment opportunities for rural poor have been increased due to microfinance services in the area and microfinance clients have employed more persons in their business due to microfinance services. Microfinance have provided an opportunity for rural women to get credit and other services from MFIs and make decisions to invest in rural businesses of livestock and home based enterprises. MFPs in study area focus on rural women to provide micro credit and other microfinance services as compared to other commercial banks and XXIII institutions. The women have got confidence and awareness about basic banking concepts of account opening and to deal other smaller transactions. This study provided the empirical evidence of relationship of microfinance with poverty as the significant impact was observed on the income of the poorest participants in a study sample whose income was below the 1.25 dollars per day. This research has analyzed the contribution of microfinance in the socioeconomic uplift of rural households in the remote areas of Mirpurkhas district and revealed the positive role in the increasing income and assets of household. The study has paved the way for future studies from different aspects and enlarged the scope of microfinance research in Pakistan.