عصر حاضر کے تناظر میں اسلامی فلاحی ریاست کے اصول و مبادی

In every age, the state has been a better form of the congregation and an integral part of societies. There has never been a state in human history that has introduced so many social reforms in a short period of time as Madina State did in a short period of time. That is why the state of Madina will remain a role model for all states established until the Day of Judgment. History testifies that as long as Islamic states followed this role model, their contemporary states continued to envy on their social, economic and military position. But unfortunately, the decline of the Muslim Ummah reached the peak by the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the representative state of the Muslims, in the early twentieth century. But before the half-century was over, the Islamic world began to gain independence from colonial powers. By the end of the twentieth century, more than fifty Muslim countries appeared on the geography of the modern world, but their flags were the spokesmen for colors, ethnicity, language, and region except for Pakistan. Political freedom from ideological and intellectual freedom could not be transformed by the Islamic nation’s imperialist powers Rather, the political leadership continued to work on the agenda of the West, causing many social and economic problems for the present Islamic States. The prevailing conditions of the present Islamic countries require that their rulers should re-establish their policies by making Madina state as their role model. The following article presents a golden outline of the welfare state, which will help to make the current Islamic state a welfare state.

Gesture Recognition for Dynamic Signs for Urdu Language

Sign language is the language of gestures. It is also a way of communication for the deaf community. Sign languages use visual pattern rather than verbal communication. Sign Language Recognition (SLR) is an active research area in computer science. It has its roots in the domain of gesture recognition, robotics, gesture-based user authentication, lie detection communication, entertainment, security, art, industry, and sports. Every region has its own sign language. Pakistani Sign Language (PSL) for Urdu language is a visual-gestural language that is being used for communication by the deaf community. This research presents a robust, reliable, systematic and consistent system for both static and dynamic gestures. The present research focuses on different available solutions for gesture recognition and concludes that deep learning and convolutional neural networks give a most appropriate solution. The thesis is based on the comparison of different potential sign descriptors. Use of correlation and cross-correlation to identify gestures has led the researcher to the fact that supervised learning techniques have given a convincing performance for PSL or even any other sign language. The research has proposed 3 major ideas, it starts with proposing universal sign language and use of spelling-based gestures over word-based gestures. The research also proposes a video summarization technique for sign languages based on mean and entropy. Moreover, there is no standard dataset available for PSL, so dataset for a subset of static and dynamic signs of PSL is developed for the thesis. The research gives upto 90% accuracy when the recognition routine uses deep learning based model. The dataset is kept as small as 400 images/videos per class. The research has proven that the accuracy can be improved by increasing dataset size, image size, and number of epochs.