عبدالرحمن خان نشترؔ
جناب عبدالرحمن خان نشتر کی وفات نے پورے اترپردیش کو سوگوار بنادیا ہے، وہ اس صوبہ کے ایک مقبول اور ہر دلعزیز لیڈر تھے، ان پر دو بار دل کی بیماری کا حملہ ہوچکا تھا، ۷؍ اکتوبر کو بریلی کے ایک مشاعرہ میں نعتیہ کلام سماعت فرما رہے تھے کہ پھر حملہ ہوا اور جاں بحق ہوگئے، اِناﷲِ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون، انھوں نے پہلے کان پور میں تجارت شروع کی، پھر قوم و وطن کی خدمت کے لیے اپنی زندگی وقف کردی وہ کانگریس پارٹی کے سرگرم اور مخلص کارکن تھے، مختلف تنظیمی عہدوں پر فائز رہنے کے علاوہ وزیر بھی رہے، اقلیتوں کے مسائل اور قومی یکجہتی کے پروگرام سے دلچسپی کی بناء پر کانگریس کے اقلیتی سیل کے صدر اور ریاستی قومی یکجہتی کونسل کے نائب صدر مقرر کیے گئے، جو بھی عہدہ اور ذمہ داری انھیں سپرد کی جاتی، اسے محنت، قابلیت اور دیانت داری سے انجام دیتے اور نیک نامی حاصل کرتے۔
نشتر صاحب ایک خوش عقیدہ مسلمان اور بزرگان دین کے بڑے متعقد تھے، مزاروں پر بھی حاضری دیتے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے، تلاوت قرآن میں ناغہ نہ کرتے، حج کا فریضہ بھی ادا کیا تھا، گزشتہ سال لکھنو کی تقدس حج کانفرنس کا افتتاح کرتے ہوئے انھوں نے جو پرمغز اور دلنشین تقریر کی اس سے لوگ بہت متاثر ہوئے، اس سے ان کی گہری مذہبیت کا بھی اندازہ ہوا، مسلمانوں کے مخصوص مسائل سے بھی دلچسپی لیتے اور اس کے لیے جرأت و بے باکی سے آواز بلند کرتے، وہ اپنی نیکی، شرافت، وضعداری اور انسانیت دوستی کی وجہ سے ہر طبقہ میں مقبول تھے، دوسروں کی مدد کرکے خوش ہوتے، بڑے عہدوں پر فائر ہونے کے باوجود عوام سے بھی برابر رابطہ قائم رکھتے، راقم سے ملاقات ہوتی تو بڑے تپاک سے ملتے...
In the context of blasphemy issue, the present study examines the socio-cultural elements in the Moral Ethics syllabi functional at the different universities of Pakistan. As per our hypothesis, ME syllabi lack some important socio-cultural elements responsible for handling hate crimes, especially the issue of blasphemy. For testing the proposed hypothesis, available ME syllabi were collected from the official websites of different universities. Collected ME syllabi were examined through the method of content analysis. After examining literature review, necessary socio-cultural factors (SCFs) were listed and the selected syllabi were evaluated through this list of SCFs. Our study findings endorse the primary hypothesis that majority of universities has adopted the foreign model of ME syllabi without adapting them according to indigenous social and cultural needs. Additionally, the most important SCFs; knowledge of blasphemy laws (KBL) and real-life dilemmas (RLD), are mostly absent in the existing ME syllabi.
Effective risk management is essential for the growth and safety of the banks, either Islamic or conventional, and its importance is increasing over time, particularly after the great recession. Although risk management in Islamic banking is one of the major concerns of the sector, it is still an under-researched area of study, especially in the local context. Effective risk management in Islamic banking deserves priority attention unless the sector establishes its own genuine risk management architecture. Therefore, the study of risk management issues of the Islamic banking sector is an important but complex area, in the age of black swans, difficulties and complications.This study reviews the relevant literature on Islamic banking risk management from diverse methodological strands and synthesizes its conclusions to make an addition to the available literature. This study adopts a mixed method sequential triangulation methodology in which qualitative research is followed by quantitative research, where both research designs carry equal weight. The sample of the study consists of five full-fledged Islamic banks and sixteen conventional banks with Islamic windows in Pakistan. The study collects and analyze primary data. It is conducted in two sequential phases to achieve the study goals. Firstly, this study develops a qualitative system dynamic model by using system thinking approach to sketch causal relationships among risk management policies and various types of Islamic banking risks. For this purpose, primary data is collected from the experts of the field through semi-structured interviews. This system dynamic model provides a detailed and comprehensive explanation of the risk management structure of Pakistani Islamic banking institutions. Quantitative research is conducted in the second phase of the study to evaluate and examine some vital facets of risk management policies that are in practice in the Pakistani Islamic banking institutions. To achieve this objective, the study utilizes survey method using self-administrated questionnaires for data collection and performs descriptive statistics, regression and correlation analysis to answer the research questions. According to the results, it is vital for Islamic Banking Institutions to develop an effective risk management framework for identifying, analyzing, measuring, monitoring and controlling various important conventional and non-conventional risks. Furthermore, by considering the principles and guidelines provided by the State Bank of Pakistan, development of a rigorous and comprehensive risk management structure in the Pakistani Islamic banking Institutions is not only useful for the fulfilment of regulatory requirements, but it is also vital for the success and survival of these institutions. It should also be noted that the findings of the study have policy-making implications which could benefit regulatory bodies, academia, policymakers, practitioners, Shariah scholars and institutional stakeholders.