فلسفہ قربانی
قربانی کا فلسفہ کوئی زیادہ پر پیچ نہیں بلکہ سیدھا اور سادا سا ہے یہ جملہ خواہشات کو بالائے طاق رکھ کرحکم ربّی کے سامنے سر تسلیم خم کرنا ہے۔ حضرت ابراہیمؑ نے اپنے لخت جگر کوقربانی کے لیے پیش کر کے یہ ثابت کر دیا کہ اللہ تعالیٰ کی رضا کے حصول کی خاطر محبوب سے محبوب ترین چیز بھی قربان کی جاسکتی ہے۔ قربانی جیسی عظیم عبادت جہاں قرب الٰہی کا سبب بنتی ہے وہاں غرباء و مساکین اور یتامیٰ کے لیے دعوت طعام کا ایک نمونہ ثابت ہوتی ہے۔ وہ لوگ جن کے گھر صرف سال بعد ہی گوشت کی مہک سے مہک اٹھتے ہیں۔ چیتھڑوںوں میں زندگی گزارنے والے افراد کے بچے گوشت کے پکنے کا بڑی شدت سے انتظار کرتے ہیں اور پھر غربت کی چکی میں پسنے والے افراد کے نو نہالانِ وطن کے پیٹ میں اس عظیم نعمت کی ترسیل نعمتِ لازوال ثابت ہوتی ہے۔
قربانی ایک مالی عبادت ہے اور اس عظیم عبادت کو جب کوئی صاحب ایمان شخص اللہ تعالیٰ کا حکم اور حضرت ابراہیمں کی سنت سمجھتے ہوئے اد اکرتا ہے تو جہاں و ہ مسرت و شادمانی حاصل کرتا ہے وہاں روحانی تازگی اور طراوت بھی اس کا مقدر ہو جاتی ہے۔ قربانی کرتے وقت ملحوظ خاطر صرف اور صرف رضائے الٰہی کا حصول ہو، اگر کوئی اور مقصد ،کوئی اور تمنا ،کوئی اور آرزو پیش نظر رہی ، نمودونمائش ذہن میں آ گئی ، غرور و تکبر کی کوئی کرن جسم ناپائیدار پر جلوہ گر ہوئی ، نیت میں تھوڑا سا بھی فتور آگیا اور مقصد اپنے اصل ہدف سے بال بھر بھی ایک طرف ہو گیا تو لاکھوں روپے سے خریدے گئے جانور کی قربانی محض گوشت کا حصول ہوگا۔ آخرت میں ذرہ برابر بھی نیکی نظر نہ آئے گی اور کل...
This research article consist unique study regarding constitution of Human being character building in the thoughts of eminent philosopher Shah Wali Ullah (1703-1764). In present critique the focus has been made to explore how individual characters build in the specific environments? How surrounding effects on the character building? Moreover linkage of Islamic ‘IB└DA and its positive impact on the Muslim society has been explored. In interpretation of Shah Wali Ullah, All ‘IB└DA are like tools which lead to generate four basic ethics i.e purity and transparency capitulation, gainful and abstinence. These are the basic moral code which are the ultimate result of the four kind of ‘IB└DA i.e prayer, fasting, zakat and hajj. Muslim has inestimable inner power in the form of six lat┐’ef )اطلفئ, )which ultimately resulted upon the change of behavior. Character building are etiquettes, noble practices, decentness and good morality. It is generally refers to a code of conduct, that an individual group or society hold as authoritative in distinguishing right from wrong. Ethics are phenomenon values and can develop up to reasonable universal standards. Conduct in Islam governs all aspects of life and specifically addresses such principles as truthfulness, honesty, trust, sincerity, brotherhood and justice, while Islam forbid false, conspiracy, dodge, rude, irascibility, corruption. To materialize the virtues and disgrace the fake a role model prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) were deputed from Allah to guide the human being. So In present article character building in the theory of Shah Wali Ullah especially while in other Muslims scholars in general has diagnosed.
This study aims to extend the relationship of corporate entrepreneurship and agency cost, to firm performance. It also examines this relationship in the presence of behavioral biases to address the behavioral finance approach, and validates it in developed (USA) and developing (Pakistan) economies, in order to generalize the study. The design of this dissertation is to investigate the relationship of corporate entrepreneurship, agency cost and firm performance across both behavioral and traditional approaches of finance. The validated construct has been adopted to measure the corporate entrepreneurship, behavioral biases and risk perception of USA and Pakistani non-financial sector companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), respectively. The data for firm performance and agency cost has been taken from Balance Sheets Analyses (SBP Report) for Pakistani companies and from annual reports of the USA companies on a three yearly average bases (2009, 2010 and 2011). The findings highlight the significant negative relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and agency cost in USA, showing that corporate entrepreneurship can act as an excellent technique in reducing agency problems within organizations, ultimately leading to high performance, however, there is an insignificant impact between corporate entrepreneurship and agency cost in Pakistani context. Regarding the behavioral finance approach, both economies didn’t show any significant relationship of behavioral biases on risk perception; however, a significant relationship of risk perception on corporate entrepreneurship, depicts behavioral biases didn’t impact corporate finance decisions. It shows that corporate finance decisions may differ from person to person irrespective from culture to culture and from country to country, pointing towards individualistic approach. This study provides a foundation for future studies on the relationship of corporate entrepreneurship, agency cost and firm performance. My study helps executives to assess their own scenario while making effective entrepreneurial and financial decisions within companies and how to control or reduce the impact of behavioral biases in particular situations, in order to maximize their return Keywords: Corporate Entrepreneurship, Agency Cost, Firm Performance, Behavioral Biases, and Corporate Financial Decisions.