درد ملے تو رَنج ہی کیا ہے
درد بھی دل کی ایک دوا ہے
جس نے مجھ کو درد دیا ہے
اُس نے تو احسان کیا ہے
اُس کو جب تک دیکھ نہ لوں میں
دل کو سُکون کہاں ملتا ہے
رات گزرنے والی ہے جی
دل کا غبار نہیں نکلا ہے
دل کا برتن جب سے ٹُوٹا
پانی آنکھ میں بھر رکھّا ہے
میں کب تک مدہوش رہوں گا
اُن آنکھوں سے جام پیا ہے
سارے تارے دیکھ رہے ہیں
چندا مجھ کو گھُور رہا ہے
کتنے لوگ تھے دل میں صاحب!
اب تو دل ویران پڑا ہے
یادوں کی بارِش میں صادقؔ
کب سے بیٹھا بھیگ رہا ہے
Colonialism has impacted on Islamic Law as well as Islamic civilization. Islam has a dissonant relationship with modernity in that it agrees with central aspects of this epochal phenomenon and parts ways with others. The compatibility issues were raised by the Muslim thinkers. Many Muslim scholars have contributed to give an original understanding of message of Islam detached from sectarian influences. Traditions are considered to be the vehicle for the transference of factors to modernity with a strong role in determining power and culture of a civilization. Thus, they pave the way for the power tools of a civilization. The theories of Muslim scholars from Asia and Egypt are discussed to elaborate the Muslim understanding of facing the challenges of modernity. The contemporary scholars’ views are also added with an analysis of their observation on compatibility of Islam with modern era challenges and the criticism on it due to their modernity conception.
The concept of fuzzy fractional differential equation (FFDE) was introduced by Agar- wal, Lakshmikantham and Nieto [1]. We develop this concept of fuzzy fractional dif- ferential equation and obtain some results about existence and uniqueness of solution of FFDE. In the second chapter we recall some basic knowledge of fuzzy calculus and frac- tional calculus. In third chapter we introduce the concept of Riemann-Liouville integral and Riemann-Liouville derivative for fuzzy functions. Fuzzy derivative is consider in the Seikkala sense. Moreover we give the new results about the properties of fuzzy frac- tional integral and fuzzy fractional derivative. Further, we study the existence and uniqueness of the solution for a class of fractional differential equation with fuzzy ini- tial value. The fractional derivatives are considered in the Riemann-Liouville sense. In fourth chapter we establish that fuzzy fractional differential equation is equiv- alent to the fuzzy integral equation and using this equivalence we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution of fuzzy fractional differential equation. Fuzzy derivative is considered in the Goetschel-Voxman sense. Also the applications of the existence and uniqueness theorem has been given. In fifth chapter we present results regarding the existence of the solutions of fuzzy fractional integral equations (FFIE). We prove the existence of the solutions of FFIE under compactness type conditions using the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness. Also we prove an existence result without using noncompactness measure. For this we use a variant of the Schauder fixed point theorem in fuzzy metric space.