شورش کاشمیری
شورش کاشمیری کی وفات بھی بڑا سانحہ ہے، ان کی نشوونما آزادیٔ ہند کی جدوجہد کے دوران ہوئی، انھوں نے آزادیٔ وطن کے علم برداروں کے ساتھ زندگی کا بڑا حصہ گزارا، مولانا آزاد، عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری اور مولانا ظفر علی خان سے انھیں گہرا تعلق تھا، ملک کی تقسیم سے پہلے ان کا قیام لاہور میں تھا، آزادی کے بعد وہ وہیں رہ گئے، لیکن انھیں وہاں کبھی اطمینان نصیب نہیں ہوا، ان کی زندگی کا بڑا حصہ جیلوں میں بسر ہوا، کبھی کبھی دارورسن کا خطرہ بھی ہوا مگر ان کے پائے ثبات کو کبھی لغرش نہیں ہوئی وہ بڑے قادر الکلام شاعر اور پرزور خطیب تھے، ان کا زور بیان اور حسن کلام مولانا ظفر علی خاں کی یاد دلاتا تھا، اعلان حق میں بڑی جری تھے اور اس راہ میں شدائد و مصائب سے کبھی ہراساں نہیں ہوئے، زندگی بھر تکلیفیں برداشت کرتے رہے، مگر کبھی باطل سے سمجھوتہ نہیں کیا، وہ دارالمصنفین کے بڑے ہمدرد اور بہی خواہ تھے اور اس کی خدمت و اعانت کے لئے ہمیشہ تیار رہتے تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو اپنے سایۂ رحمت میں جگہ دے اور ان کی حق گوئی کا پورا صلہ عطا فرمائے۔ (عبد السلام قدوائی ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۷۵ء)
This article focus on the literary aspect of Qur’an. Stylistically it has a rich texture, which in itself is a miracle Qur’an is not only the last message of Allah- bearing finality but it is the root source of all forms of human knowledge. It has a pithy style therefore it offers multiple shades of meanings in it. This article focuses on that so as to open up new pathways into the stylistically rich texture of Holy Qur’an.
Colonialism is a complex phenomenon which cannot be limited to physical colonization as it would fail to take into account the other facets of this phenomenon. Postcolonial writers have shown how colonization affected their society and challenged the notion of enlightenment and civilization. The current research aims at understanding this aspect through studying the concepts of colonization, resistance and transformation thought Achebe’s Things Fall Apart (1958) and Hassan’s The Unchosen (2002). Moreover, the researcher also evaluates the role of power politics to examine how colonization was similar or different in Africa and the Subcontinent. For this purpose, textual analysis is the lens through which the selected texts are assessed. The designed research framework for analysis takes into account salient features of the postcolonial theory to explore the concepts of colonization, resistance and transformation in respective societies. To achieve the objectives of the research, colonization and resistance is scrutinized at three levels; i) physical, ii) cultural and iii) religious. Transformation which is a result of colonization and resistance is studied at two levels; i) cultural and ii) religious. The findings of the research show that colonization affected the social fabric of the society by undermining the values and traditions of the natives. Even though the natives in Africa and the Subcontinent resisted the policies enforced by the colonizers; such as the ideals of technology, education and progress are factors which led to the process of transformation. People of both the regions had strong affiliation with their traditions, cultures and religions, even then the colonizers identified different tools to overcome the resistance. Things Fall Apart (1958) identifies the religious polarity as one of the factors behind natives’ conversion to Christianity, which is in contrast to Subcontinent, where the discourse of religious division among natives worked in the colonizers’ favor. Both the novelists criticize the colonial powers, but they also take into account the weaknesses in both the societies which facilitated the process of colonization. The research also identifies that the writers have not only condemned the process of colonization but also discussed how it was beneficial for the natives as it provoked a sense of education and industrialization making them aware that they cannot progress without development in science and technology.