توانائی کے مسائل
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کرنی ہے وہ ہے:’’توانائی کے مسائل ‘‘
چمن میں قحط گُل ہے اور وطن میں لوڈ شیڈنگ ہے
نہ یہ بلبل کا موسم ہے نہ پروانے کا موسم ہے
صدرِذی وقار!
توانائی سے مراد طاقت ہے، اور پوری عالمی تاریخ اس بات کی گواہ ہے کہ کوئی قوم اس وقت تک ترقی کی منازل طے نہیں کرسکتی جب تک وہ اپنے جسم و جاں میں قوت پیدا نہ کرے، کیونکہ حرکت میں برکت ہے اور حرکت کے لیے توانائی کی ضرورت ہے اور کوئی ادنیٰ سے ادنیٰ کام بھی اس وقت تک پایۂ تکمیل کونہیںپہنچ سکتا جب تک اس کے لئے مناسب طاقت اور قوت فراہم نہ کی جائے۔
جنابِ صدر!
توانائی کا مسئلہ ایک بڑا اہم مسئلہ ہے۔ ہمارا ملک دیگر ممالک کی نسبت پسماندہ اور ترقی پذیر کیوں ہے، وہ صرف اور صرف توانائی کے گھمبیر مسئلہ کی بدولت ہی ایسا ہے۔ مختلف برآمدات سے حاصل ہونے والی آمدنی اس کو ترقی یافتہ ممالک کی صف میں کھڑا کرنے کے لیے ناکافی ہے۔
معزز سامعین!
کھیتوں کو کشتِ زعفران بنانے کے لیے ،فضا میں پرواز کرنے کے لئے، اپنے گلی کوچوں کوقمقموں سے روشن کرنے کے لئے ، اجناس کی کامیاب برآمد کے لیے ،فصلوں کو زیادہ اگانے کے لیے، اپنی برآمدات میں اضافہ کیلئے، انسان کا معیارِ زندگی بہتر بنانے کے لیے توانائی کی اشد ضرورت ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
اگر ہم کوشش کریں تو توانائی کے مسائل پر قابو پا سکتے ہیں، ہم پن بجلی کا استعمال شروع کر دیں تو ہمارے کئی مسائل حل ہو جائیں گے۔ اور ہمیں سستے داموں بجلی مہیا ہوجائے...
Dealings of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) with non-Muslim show that Islam is the religion of peace, brotherhood, religious tolerance, independence and humanity. Before the spread of Islam the conversations and dealings of the Holy Prophet with non-Muslims forced them to call him Al-Sadiq and Al-Ameen. Sympathy and tolerance in clandestine and public preaching, the style of letters to non-Muslim empires, the dialogues with non-Muslim delegations in Madani era, the orders given for the safety of their wealth, belongings and their life, the tolerance, forgiveness and prayers for the enemies, the good behavior with the non-Muslim prisoners, even when Muslims got dominance over non-Muslims at the time of the conquest of Makkah, the common pardon given by Holy Prophet (S.A.W) are the true example that Islam preaches peace. The attitude of Sahaba-e-Karam (R.A) and the liberty of rights given to Non-Muslims by them- no religion and no community of the World can give this example. The people responsible for maintaining the peace of the world and brotherhood should see how Muslims are treated all over the world? Muslims had given to non-Muslim permission to practice their religious festivities freely and even to wear any type of clothes. The ban of Hijab in France, the punishment of innocent Dr. Afia Siddiqui, the Egyptian pregnant woman (Marwa Sharbeney) had been mercilessly assassinated and her husband injured by knives in the court of Germany because of Hijab, the discussions going on to restrict the domes of Mosques and Adhan (Call to prayer) in Switzerland, the insult of the Holy Quran by Pope Terry John, of Florida, the disrespect of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) etc are the questions awaiting answers from West and United Nation. Islam promotes of peace, equality and religious freedom. It also invites non-Muslims to come and sit on a platform and discuss these problems for the sake of worldly peace to end the religious hatred and to form true peace in the world.
Among thirty chilli varieties/advance lines screened against Colletotrichum capsici, no cultivar exhibited immune reaction. Eighteen varieties expressed resistant response with disease rating of 2, while seven cultivars showed moderately resistant reaction with rating of 3. Two varieties displayed susceptible reaction with rating of 4 against anthracnose. Remaining three cultivars appeared to be highly susceptible with maximum disease rating of 5 towards anthracnose pathogen during the year 2011. Similarly in the second year of repetition, it was revealed again that only Tatapuri, Gola peshawari and Longi expressed high susceptibility with 82.50, 79.60 and 81.50% disease incidence, while two varieties i.e. C-68 and C-302 showed susceptible response with disease incidence of 60.10 and 61.67% respectively. Seven varieties namely Talhari, FSD-1, FSD-2, KA-2, NARC-4, Neelum and Maha gave rise moderately resistant reaction with disease incidence of 33.80, 32.53, 33.57, 31.40, 34.27, 32.03 and 25.63% and remaining eighteen varieties/lines i.e. Sanam, C-19, C-72, C-33, American dwarf, Arunalu, BSS-269, Burewala, Ghotki, Sabazpari, Skyline-2, Kurni, Anaheim, Wonder king, P-6, Harmal, Skyline-1 and Hot queen remained resistant with minimum disease incidence in the range of 13-25% against chilli anthracnose disease. There was remarkable variation (p ≤ 5) in the mineral status of reaction group (inoculated & un-inoculated), type (resistant & susceptible) and in varieties/lines of the host plant due to the infection by anthracnose disease. Nested random''s effect analysis of variance revealed that 2.81 & 2.52 %, 2259, 1185.50, 64.95, 179.60, 431.63, 141.12 & 151.89 µg/g concentration was expressed by resistant plants as compared to susceptible one (1.88 & 1.66 %, 2562.67, 991.48, 35.40, 121.28, 140.87, 191.83 & 95.73 µg/g respectively) with regards to Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), Sodium (Na), Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) contents. Similarly, nested analysis of variance again exposed that 328.33 µg/ml, 132.49 µg/g, 258.32 µg/g & 1.19 mg/g concentration was articulated by resistant plants as compared to susceptible genotype (324.43 µg/ml, 77.06 µg/g, 208.70 µg/g & 1.13 mg/g respectively) regarding total soluble phenols (TSPh), total soluble sugars (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP) and total chlorophyll (TC) contents respectively. It is concluded that resistant cultivars accumulated more concentration of these minerals & biochemical compounds as compared to susceptible varieties and increase in their concentration in resistant plant can prevents the spread of pathogen by strengthening the biochemical and physiological processes of the host. There was overall significant correlation between temperature (maximum and minimum), wind speed and relative humidity with chilli anthracnose development. Weak correlation of rainfall was observed with disease progress. Maximum disease development was recorded at 80-90% relative humidity with 3.5 km/h wind speed, air temperature from 31-35°C and 18-22°C as maximum and minimum respectively. All the treatments inhibited the multiplication of C. capsici at all concentrations, however Carbendazim at 0.3% concentration, Azadirachta indica extract at standard dose (S) and their combination (0.3% + S) were found to be the most effective agent for the control of the pathogen. In the green house experiment, both Carbendazim and A. indica performed well in controlling anthracnose development again when applied as alone and in combination at (0.3%) and (S) concentration respectively. Among plant activators tested, Salicylic acid (SA) proved to be highly significant followed by Benzoic acid and KH2PO4 in the field experiments. In addition to this, SA greatly reduced disease incidence when it was applied in combination with Carbendazim and A. indica after 21 days of spraying. Consequently, Carbendazim and A. indica extract alone and in combination proved to be the most effective treatments both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions as well.