28. Al-Qasas/The Narratives
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
28:01
a. Ta. Sin. Mim.
28:02
a. These are the Messages of the Clear Book - The Divine Qur’an.
28:03
a. WE are going to recount to you some of the narratives of Moses and Pharaoh truthfully, for a people who believe.
28:04
a. Indeed, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land of Egypt, and
b. divided its citizens into different ethnic and social factions,
c. seeking to oppress one faction among them - Descendants of Jacob – and depriving them of all human rights and civil liberties,
d. and, slaughtering their baby-boys at birth, while sparing their women/baby-girls.
e. He - Pharaoh - was truly of the oppressors and tyrants.
28:05
a. However, WE wanted to empower those very people who were being oppressed in the land
of Egypt – Descendants of Jacob, and
b. to make them the leaders and to make them the inheritors.
28:06
a. And to empower them in the land by giving them political power and religious authority,
b. and to show Pharaoh and Haman and their armies - through them - the very thing that they had dreaded - and trying to prevent.
28:07
a. And so when Moses was born, WE inspired Moses’ mother by saying that:
b. ‘Keep breast feeding him as usual, but when you fear for his life, then put him afloat into the River Nile,
c. and, once you have done so, then do not fear and do not grieve for he will be saved.
d. Surely WE...
It is above-board that teachers play an important role in forming, formulating, molding and developing the society as individuals and as a whole. The youth has ever been an icon to lead the community in every sphere of life. The young stuff has played the pivotal role in preaching, scribing, teaching, political, economic and even diplomatic fields. The present research article explores the role of various companions of Holy Prophet (r) in these fields. Firstly, the Holy Prophet (r) groomed his companions, stormed their brains and paved them on the Divine way, then sent them to the said fields to work. Among those companions, Ḥaḍrat Muṣ‘ab bin ‘Umayr, Mu‘ādh bin Jabal, ‘Abdullāh ibn e Maktūm, Rāfi‘ bin Mālik, ‘Abdullāh ibn e Mas‘ūd, ‘Abdullāh ibn e ‘Abbās, Abū Sa‘īd Khudrī (y) as well as from females Ḥaḍrat ‘Āyshah, Ḥaḍrat Ḥafṣah, Shifā bint-e-‘Abdullah etc. Were appointed as preachers. Their task was not only to teach and educate the community rather to present themselves before them as paragon for their particular fields. The research concludes that the Prophet (r) laid down a criteria for selection of the teachers of Muslim Ummah. The selection criteria of the Prophet (r) was based not only on contingent variables but also on some special characteristics like teaching and training, potential empathy for the learners and a passion for social reformation. As a result, these preachers, after practicing their ideal and best performance, produced numerous educations, merchants, facilitators and reformers in the society. The present research paper will explore the companions’ efforts for the reformation of the society.
The experiment was carried out in a net house in the University of Peshawar Pakistan, to find out the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation along with application of various levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on growth and yield of selected sunflower hybrids (Helianthus annuus L.) in Pdeficient soil. The results revealed that AM fungi effectively promoted the productivity of sunflower hybrids and proved their role as bio-fertilizer. It was noted that dual use of AMF and low-moderate dose of rock phosphate has profound effect regarding plant height, root length, number of leaves/plant, leaf size, head diameter, seed number/ head, seeds weight/head, dry weight of plant, oil content, fatty acid content, mycorrhizal dependency, proximate and mineral composition of the sunflower as compared to control non-inoculated plants. While, at high RP level (RP3) the non mycorrhizal plants outperformed. However the response varied in different hybrids. As far as hybrid response is concerned Hysun-33 performed better in most of the measured aspects as compared to other hybrids. Proximate analysis showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in crude protein, crude fats, moisture, ash and crude fiber content in mycorrhizal plant, however carbohydrates content was reduced. Rock phosphate fertilization showed no significant effect on nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and Zinc (Zn) uptake however phosphorus (P) uptake increases with increasing RP levels in both AMF inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The findings also provided useful information on oil yield and its fatty acid profiles as affected by AMF inoculation. The present study strongly suggests that the AMF-rock phosphate combination produces better results in the enhancement of the oil content of sunflower hybrids even in P-deficient soils. It was noted that the use of AMF along with low doses of rock phosphate promote mono unsaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid), while the use of AMF along with high doses of rock phosphate bring increase in the production of saturated fatty acids like Palmitic acid and stearic acid in sunflower seeds. It has been observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level, less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high (RP3) level in all hybrids. Higher P doses declined the sporulation and colonization. Seven AMF species were recorded. The dominant genus was Acaulospora followed by Glomus, Sclerocystis and Gigaspora. The average AMF spore densities ranged from 56-260 spores/ 100gm soil while root colonization ranged from 32-100 %. Mycorrhizal enhancement regarding AMF spore density and root colonization followed RP0>RP1>RP2>RP3 trend in all hybrids. All selected sunflower hybrids were more responsive to mycorrhizal association but degree of dependency also varies according to rock phosphate levels. This study clearly indicates the potential of using indigenous biofertilizer such as AMF for oil seed crops in low fertility soils, to achieve adequate production level with least utilization of synthetic fertilizers for sustainable agriculture practice. The use of biofertilizer is not only eco-friendly but also economical as it reduces our dependence on expensive chemical fertilizers.