پنڈت وجے لکشمی
اسی ماہ میں ایک دوسرا حادثہ ٔ جانکا ہ ملک کوپنڈت وجے لکشمی کابھی پیش آیاہے۔ محترمہ جواہرلال نہرو کی ہمشیرہ تھیں۔لیکن وہ خودبھی بڑی قابلیت کی مالک تھیں۔ صحیح بات کہنے میں وہ کبھی نہیں چوکیں، چاہے اس کے لیے ان کو اپنے خاندانی افراد ہی سے ناراضگی کیوں نہ لینی پڑی ہو۔ایمرجنسی کی مخالفت میں وہ اپنی بھتیجی شریمتی اندرا گاندھی کے خلاف میدان میں کودپڑیں۔
وہ بڑی بہادر خاتون تھیں اورایک اچھی مقرر بھی تھیں۔ بھارت کی نمائندگی کرتے ہوئے انہوں نے غیر ملکوں میں بھی اپنی قابلیت کالوہا منواتے ہوئے اپنے ملک کانام روشن کیا۔یو۔این۔ او میں ان کی صلاحیتوں کابرملا اعتراف واظہار کیاگیا۔ان کے انتقال سے ہندوستان نے اپنی ایک بڑی محسنہ کوکھودیا ہے۔ان کی کمی کوہمیشہ ہی محسوس کیاجائے گا۔ہندوستان کی سیاست میں___ایسا ہماراایقین ہے۔ [دسمبر ۱۹۹۰ء]
Dr Ghulam Mustafa Khan [d. 2005] can truly be said to be a teacher of teachers [ustadh al-asatadha]. In his long and distinguished academic career spanning over six decades, he brought into existence literally hundreds of teachers in his subject Urdu and also created in many of them a taste for critical research that resulted in the existence of a whole corpus of standard critical material. This will endure in academic circles for a long time. It was his common habit to encourage his students, especially those of an academic bent of mind, to enrol for a Ph.D. In the course of which he would proffer them all kinds of assistance even if he were not their research supervisor. As such, the names of Dr Najmul Islam, who succeeded him as Chairman, Department of Urdu, University of Sindh, stands out. Dr Najmul Islam was the editor of a scholarly research journal, Tehqiq, which appeared in over 20 volumes in his own lifetime. Each issue contained scores of critical essays of a very high academic standard including his own [Dr N. Islam’s]. There is also the name of Dr Hasrat Kasganjvi, who emerged as a creative artist and critic of merit later on authoring dozens of books of high academic standard. The list is long and distinguished and contains the names of the major teachers of Urdu language and literature at the main Pakistani universities. Apart from Urdu teachers, the thousands of persons who had the benefit of attending his lectures and courses are also evidence of his intellectual wide-ranging scholarship. Then there is the select circle of his murids who formed his circle of spiritual knowledge and who had proffered their religious devotion at his hands. To these he gave the benefit of his spiritual counsel and advice as well as the vast knowledge he possessed of the Islamic sciences in his table-talk. Among these persons, the name of ex-President Ziaul Haq is most prominent.
The present study was designed to indigenously adopt Novaco''s model of anger management and to look at its efficacy for individuals having psychiatric problems in Pakistan. The study was carried out in four phases. The first phase was to develop an indigenous model for anger management, so Novaco''s model was integrated with an indigenous model grounded in Islamic teaching to manage anger. In the second phase, assessment scales, such as the Novaco Anger Inventory (NAI) and the Anger Self-Report Questionnaire (ASR) were translated into Urdu by using the back translation method. An Urdu version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used to double check the diagnoses of patients. In the third phase, a pilot study was conducted to compute the psychometric properties of the translated scales. Results of test-retest reliability (p < .01) showed that the translated versions of the scales were psychometrically strong and appropriate to the cultural content. The fourth phase was the main study; it was a quasi-experimental research, which includes a sample composed of two groups: a treatment group (received the indigenous model of anger management) and a control group (received general counseling). Initially, 100 individuals participated in the study; however, 37 individuals in the treatment group and 39 individuals in the control group completed the recommended package of sessions. Results of the study confirmed that there was a significant (p < .05) positive correlation between anger and psychological disorders. Statistics from repeated measures ANOVA indicated that, in the treatment group, individuals'' scores on the NAI and ASRQ were significantly (p < .01) decreased during three assessments. Similarly, results of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the individuals in the treatment group significantly (p < .01) scored low on the NAI and ASRQ (at post-assessment) as compared to the control group. Therefore, it was concluded that the indigenous model of anger management was more effective than general counseling for anger management.