پاکستانی نوجوان’’ فکری انحراف، اسباب اور سدباب‘‘ اسوہ حسنہ کی روشنی میں

The Pakistani youth are engaged day and night in a struggle for attainment of education, technology, and status. But what is deplorable is that they have forgotten their cultural values, ethics, code of life, and religious identity in order to unite with external powers in becoming part of the drive for development and they have become ignorant of their fundamental responsibilities as a member of the Muslim Ummah. What are the priorities and issues facing Muslims on the local, national, and international levels? Especially in Europe and America the Muslim youth are standing at the crossroads. They are undergoing a religious, ideological, and moral decline. History is eye witness to how the Muslim youth made valuable sacrifices in all walks of life and persevered in making incredible achievements. Moreover, it is the three-fold ideological, cultural, and emotional invasion of the anti-Islamic forces which has been the cause of a weakening of faith in the Muslim Ummah in general and the young generation in particular, since ideology is of primary significance for any nation, religion, movement, or group. It is true that nations are formed and sustained on the basis of ideology. The moment the ideological base is weakened, decline and dissolution become the fate of nations. They are unaware of how it is our foremost national duty and an urgent need to develop scholars who would propagate the Islamic agenda. Contrastively, the anti-Islamic forces are engaged in engendering their representatives. Hence, in order to safeguard our youth from ideological and religious dissolution it is necessary that educational and cultural steps are taken in society in advance so that our youth are provided with a wholesome environment free of ideological dissolution. An outline of the article is given below: The importance and significance of the prime of youth, The ideological propensities of the youth, The causes of dissension in youth, The remedy of dissension, are discussed in detail in this article.

Promoting Student-Student Interaction in Large Esl Primary Government School Classes of Pakistan

Teaching large classes is always seen as problematic by the teachers. In most of the cases it is found that the teachers do not feel comfortable to provide opportunities to the learners in large ESL classes because of fear of losing control over students. This study reveals the attempt made to promote interaction among students in large ESL classes in the government school classes of Karachi, Pakistan. The study engaged a class of 49 students of grade four. The study was conducted as action research. Additional data was collected through participant observation and reflection. The English language teacher of the class in which the study was conducted was involved as a critical friend for the observation and reflection of the classroom teaching. Interviews with the teacher were conducted at the beginning and end of the study to understand the teacher's beliefs and attitude towards interaction in large ESL classes. Finally, learners were interviewed to find out their perception about the same. The study reveals the challenges I faced while promoting interaction in large ESL classes. It also indicates the strategies I tried out to overcome the challenges. Furthermore, it shows how teachers and learners in large ESL classes perceive promoting interaction among students. The study also highlights the factors that facilitate interaction among students in large ESL classes. Finally recommendations and implications are made for the teachers, teacher educators, and the school context.