ظاهرة الحذف في الجملة الفعلية دراسة نحوية دلالية في صحيح البخاري

Arabic language is one of the most developed languages of the world. It has a number of grammatical phenomenon, Omissions is one of them.                                                   Omission of any part of a sentence creates ambiguity to fully understand its meanings. Due to this phenomenon Arabic has a specific cause when viewed in the light of Semantic analysis. This study deals with the phenomenon of dropping or omission of the part of a speech. In article under review, I have explained as to how an omission becomes requirement of the text to reflect a particular meaning. I have chosen semantic study of three basic parts of verbal sentence that is Verb, Subject and Object to unveil this phenomenon in Sahih Al Bukhari. This clearly explains the significance of omission of words in the sayings of Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him).              

Protection and Growth of Brands Through Intellectual Property and Brand Governance Against Their Equity Loss at Firm Level in a Developing Country Pakistan

Brand equity loss is the most neglected area of research in brand management science at Asian level that has inhibited the developing nations to utilise the intangible value of brand equity of their firms. Brand equity is in nascent stage with no clear theoretical boundaries and notable research at Asian level whereas it‘s touching maturity at western world that not only nullifies the logic of using western theories in Asian perspective but also questions the credibility of past research in present scenario for Asian countries. In terms of research dominance, all the scholars of brand management have been working on the description, measurement and sustainable growth of brand equity from various business management research paradigms. In practice and theoretical explanation, intellectual property governance cannot explain the problem of brand equity loss; in contrast, brand governance is more holistic and provides the flexibility for the convergence of marketer and consumer perspective for identifying the most impactful reasons for brand equity loss. Qualitative descriptive research method was used by the researcher for the study of brand equity loss. Stratified purposeful sampling technique was deployed for collecting research problem concentric information from key informants for knowledge thickness after the analysis. Stratified samples were owners/brand managers/VPs/marketers from Businesses purposive sample for studying marketer perspective. Organisations and legal fraternity purposive samples had top managers and advocates as stratified samples for studying the consumer perspective. Primary data was collected from the stratified samples. The reports and documents of industries and organisations, related to brands, were used for support in extracting the targeted information from the interview transcripts for increasing data analysis richness. Thematic content analysis, by using Nvivo (version 10), was implemented through encoding the interview transcripts into nodes and reflecting the relation between the grouped data of the nodes through the Word Tag clouds, Frequency Tree Maps, Cluster Maps and Matrix Coding Maps. Brand governance model, as the result of the analysis, was crafted that provided the basis for deviation from previous main stream research on brand equity by having the meaning of brand equity loss from the dissection and integration of all the layers of the model, from top to bottom that cover both perspectives of brand science. The first layer is intellectual property governance and the consecutive ones are intellectual property enforcement, and brand equity loss. Therefore, brand equity loss cannot be explained by considering one approach or perspective holistically in Asian context. This invites cross sectional research in terms of approaches and perspectives. The study faced limitation in terms of lack of market documented evidence, theoretical work at Asian context, having a handful of people at national level who are information rich respondents under stratified sample and faced territorial restrictions. Conclusively, Cognitive Construct, personal concept of the brand in the minds of the consumer, is surrounded by loyalty, social sense, counterfeit, price, experience, and promises. All these are indicators of ''experience‘ that create suitable environment for infringement and counterfeiting that follows brand equity loss or vice versa. Furthermore, at the field, the best points of ''experience‘ are distributors, local sellers and people appointed from the same community as promoters.