روایاتِ اسباب النزول کے تفسیری ادب پر اثرات کا جائزہ

Sabab al-Nuzūl (cause of revelation) in Qur'anic studies means the time, context, cause, and the situation in which Allah has revealed verses. Cause of revelation has an important role in the interpretation of Qur’ān. Nevertheless, most of the verses and suras of Qur’ān are revealed independent of events, these verses are revealed to fulfill the general aim of Waḥī which is the guidance of people. Such knowledge is an invaluable tool for grasping the meaning of this type of Qur’ānic verse. Many Muslim scholars consider the studying of Asbāb alNuzūl and their related discussions as necessary. Some exegetes have written books studying the subject. The earliest and the most important work in this genre is undoubtedly Kitab Asbāb al-Nuzūl (Book of Occasions of Revelation) of ‘Alī bin Aḥmad al-Wāḥidī (d. 1075 CE). Another important work is by al-Suyūṭī (d. 1505 CE) which is a slight improvement of al-Wāḥidī’s book. In this paper descriptive method and comparative study are used to analysis traditions of revelation and their effects on Tafsīr literature. This paper proves the value of the causes of revelation in Qur’ānic Interptation and their effects on Tafsīr Literature, so that verification and authencity of traditions of causes of revelation are mandatory for Tafsīr.

Role of Tbi in Developing Accuracy and Fluency in Ocss of Grade 5 Students in a Government School of District Tmk, Sindh

The study explored the effectiveness of Task based Instructions (TBI) approach through qualitative action research in order to enhance the oral communication skills (OCSs) focusing on fluency and accuracy in one of the main boys primary schools in the rural context of Sindh at Tando Muhammad Khan district. Grade 5 students were involved in the study of Task Based instruction through activities in order that they could use language in the real life situation. For data collection, it was gathered through different tools like classroom observations, semi structured interviews, audio recording, oral pre tests and oral post tests. The semi structured interviews were conducted from the participants before intervention in order to know about their perceptions of their English language class, teachings of speaking skills including challenges and about Task Based instruction. Oral pre tests and oral post tests were also conducted from the focused group participants in order to know about the effectiveness of Task Based instruction whether it had improved the OCSs among the students. Data that was gathered was analyzed qualitatively to explore the effectiveness of Task based instruction approach in enhancing OCSs among grade 5 students. According to the research findings the study revealed positive impacts of Task Based instruction approach in enhancing OCSs focusing on fluency and accuracy and the researcher expected that the study would definitely help other researchers, English language teachers and students understand Task based instruction approach. In conclusion, the study may inspire the English language teachers to make class learner centered by making task based activities so that the learners can be able to use the language and to enhance their OCSs.