Disease Spectrum in COVID-19 Cohort with Travel History from Iran

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), declared as a pandemic in March 2020, is an acute respiratory tract illness caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) with clinical manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to severe pneumonia. Objectives: To determine the disease spectrum of Covid-19 in a cohort with a travel history from Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study with a retrospective collection of data was conducted at Agha Khan University, Karachi from 15th March to 19th April 2020. One hundred and fifty-five laboratory-confirmed cases of Covid-19 were recruited from a government quarantine facility. Data were obtained from the Punjab Emergency Services (Rescue 1122) database where a record of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and quarantined persons is maintained. Study subjects with a travel history to Iran were contacted by telephone to obtain information about demographics, symptoms, and co-morbid conditions.  SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Among the returning travelers, 213 had laboratory-confirmed Covid-19, out of which 155 were included in this study. 56.1% were males with a mean age of 40 years. Among the study participants, 91.6% remained asymptomatic throughout the stay, while 8.4 % became symptomatic. 77.5% of the participants had received BCG vaccination in childhood. Among symptomatic cases 15.4% had asthma and 7.7% had hypertension. The most common clinical manifestation was cough which was present in 38.5% of the study participants. None died among the study participants. Conclusion: A mild presentation of COVID-19 was seen in our study participants with 91.6% among them being asymptomatic, while 8.4% were symptomatic. There was a high positivity rate in males as compared to females.  

Study of Arbitrary Order Differential Equations Via Iterative Technique and Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method

In this dissertation, the concerned study of the research dealts with various types of the boundary value problems of nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. Almost for all kinds of arbitrary order differential equations, this study emphasize on existence theory, various aspect of Ulam stability, lower and upper solutions, iterative schemes and analytical methods of perturbation. We have developed strong sufficient conditions for the uniqueness and existence of upper and lower solutions for the fractional differential equations, with the help of classical fixed point theorem and monotone iterative method. A strong attention has also been given to the numerical solution of fractional differential equations and frac tional partial differential equations. In this regard, some powerful and an efficient numerical techniques have been established for the approximate solutions of both linear and nonlinear fractional order differential equations. One of them, an established technique is based on monotone sequence and one of them from pertubation method is based on homotopy defini tion and an known deformation equation to obtain the solutions in the form of convergent series. Both the methods are interesting and efficient for solving nonlinear fractional-order differential equations. In pertubation method, we have developed a new method for FPDEs which is known as Optimal Homotopy asysmptotic method OHAM based on homotopy def inition and an known deformation equation. With the help of afore mentioned techniques and methods, we solved both linear and nonlinear ordinary as well as partial fractional order differential equations. We considered some fractional order differential equations for illustrative purposes and numerical approximations of their solutions are tabulated and plotted via MATLAB softwares. The numerical results obtained via aforesaid techniques, are compared with other standard techniques. Which shows, that how these techniques are more effective and reliable, than the standard ordinary differential equations solvers.