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Study of Apoc3, Enos & Hsp70 Polymorphisms in Glaucoma & Normal Opulation of Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Humaira Ayub

Supervisor

Raheel Qamar

Department

Department of Biosciences

Program

MS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Biosciences

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676719632866

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تعلیمی اداروں میں کھیلوں کی اہمیت

تعلیمی اداروں میں کھیلوں کی اہمیت
تعلیمی اداروں کا وجود ایک صحت مند معاشرے کے قیام اور اس کو استحکام بخشنے کے لیے انتہائی ضروری ہے۔ ترقی یافتہ اقوام کی ترقی اور عروج تعلیمی اداروں کا مرہونِ منت ہے۔ جن ممالک کے تعلیمی ادارے فعّال کردارادا کررہے ہوتے ہیں اُن کی افرادی قوت مضبوط ہوتی ہے۔ اُن کے افرادسطحی سوچ کے حامل نہیں ہوتے، اُن کے فکری، نظری، روحانی، جسمانی قویٰ کبھی کسی ضعف اور نقاہت کا شکار نہیں ہوتے، جس طرح تعلیمی اداروں کا وجود اہم ہے اسی طرح اس میں وقوع پذیر ہونے والی جملہ سرگرمیاں بھی اہم ہیں اور بالخصوص کھیلوں کی اہمیّت تو تعلیمی اداروں میں اور بھی زیادہ ہے۔ کیونکہ صحت مند جسم اور صحت مند دماغ کے لیے یہ بڑا واضح کر دار ادا کرتی ہیں۔
تاریخ اقوام عالم پر نظر دوڑائیں تو کاروبار اور محنت و مشقت کے ساتھ ساتھ ایسے لمحات بھی نظر آتے ہیں جن میں تفریح اور کھیل کود کے سوا کچھ نہیں ہوتا، اپنے متعین کردہ اوقات میں وہ صرف اور صرف کھیل کود اورتفریحی پروگراموں سے لطف اندوز ہوتے ہیں۔ کھیل کود کا تصور جس طرح دیگر مذاہب میں موجود ہے اسی طرح وُہ اسلام میں بھی موجود ہے، محسنِ کائنات حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم نے بھی تیرا کی اور دوڑ کے مقابلوں میں حصہ لیا۔ کھیل اور تفر یحی پروگرام کردار پر بڑا اچھا اثر ڈالتے ہیں۔ یہی وجہ ہے کہ دیگر ممالک کی طرح پاکستان کے نظام تعلیم میں کھیل کا تصور کلیتاً موجود ہے۔ اوقاتِ تعلیم و تدریس میں با قاعدہ ڈرل کے نام سے کھیل کا ایک پیریڈ مقرر کر دیا جا تا ہے۔ جس میں طلباء کو فزیکل انسٹرکٹر مقررہ مشقیں کرواتا ہے۔ طلباء ذہنی آسودگی محسوس کرتے ہیں اور دن بھر کی رطب و یابس...

Robustness of the Poverty Measures: Evidence from Farm Households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The use of a plethora of poverty indexes is sometimes fraught with difficulties. The purpose of this research was to quantitatively assess poverty and to examine the robustness of the poverty metrics. Selecting representative farm homes required a multistage sample technique, which was implemented. A total of 150 rural homes were surveyed using questionnaires. Stochastic dominance and the weighted poverty measures of Foster, Greer and Thorbecke were used in this work to examine the weighted poverty measures' resilience and sensitivity to changes in the poverty line. According to the findings, as people become older and their families get larger, the likelihood, severity, and depth of poverty increases. An asymptotic sampling distribution was utilized to infer whether poverty was larger across a variety of hypothetical poverty lines by stochastic dominance analysis. First-order stochastic dominance was found, with the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of households headed by people over 60 years old lying totally above the other distribution functions (CDFs). The CDF of single families was lower than the CDF of married households, according to the findings. At any poverty level, the CDF of families with more than 10 household members stochastically dominated those with fewer family members. Many households will be lifted out of poverty if poverty-reduction initiatives are targeted at those over 60 and those with big families.

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochmical Performance of Modified Titania/Carbon Nanotube Composites As Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Btteries

The present efforts in energy storage are directed more towards modifying the secondary battery systems. Titania (TiO2) is an appropriate substitute for anode material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its surpassed structural stability and high safety during the prolonged charge/discharge cycles. The low conductivity issues associated with this material has been a constraining factor influencing its rate capability and cycling performance. From this viewpoint, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a zero gap semiconductor, with distinctive electronic properties, together with superb electrochemical, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties that are much more than the other carbon allotropes such as diamond, graphite and fullerene. More importantly, MWCNTs has also proved their effectiveness upon compositing with a metal oxide or metallic nanoparticles to augment the electrochemical performance. In this work, M-TiO2/MWCNTs (M = Mn, Ni, Co, Cu) were synthesized by surfactant assisted controlled hydrolysis approach taking the advantage of the synergistic interplay between MWCNTs and M-doped TiO2 leveraging both the electrode performance and stability. Exploiting synchrotron-based spectroscopy (NEXAFS, XANES and ex-situ XRD) and microscopy techniques, we examined the structure of metal-doped TiO2/MWCNTs nanocomposites characterized by varied morphology and structural order at the nanoscale. This entire investigation of the electronic, morphological, and structural properties enabled us to recognize and unveil the electrochemical transformations upon cycling. A convenient, cheap and mild covalent functionalization route for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been developed for the first time. The results consistently iv confirmed the formation of carboxyl functionalities on MWCNTs, while the structure of MWCNTs has remained relatively intact. At an optimal 5% doping of Mn, Ni, Cu and 7% doping of Co the electrode showed 176.4, 241.3, 214.1 and 177.6 mAh g‒1 capacity at C/10 for 80 cycles, moreover an excellent rate capacity is also demonstrated at a sufficiently high rate of 20 C. The lower angle shift and enlargement of TiO2 unit cell from XRD results indicate that metal dopants are substituting Ti atoms from the pure anatase TiO2 matrix. The increase in the intensity of t2g and eg bands in O K-edge NEXAFS point to the effective hybridization between metal 3d and O 2p orbitals. Metal and Ti L3,2 edge from NEXAFS spectra clearly reflect 2+ and 4+ valence states of metal and Ti, respectively. C K-edge NEXAFS provides clear evidence for a charge distribution and chemical bonding between MxTi1-xO2 nanoparticles and MWCNTs. Ex-situ XANES studies of lithiated samples have proved that Ti and metal K edge shifts to lower energy upon increased doping concentration while ex-situ XRD points towards the lattice expansion upon Li-insertion. This work offers new outlooks for electrode fabrication with a deep insight into structural alterations associated with the charging-discharging behaviour in the composite electrodes for battery applications.