سائنس اور روحانیت کی تمثیل: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Spirituality is usually understood as a way of being that flows from a certain profound experience of reality, which is known as ‘mystical’, ‘religious’, or ‘spiritual’ experience. There are numerous descriptions of this experience in the literature of the world’s religions, which tend to agree that it is a direct, non-intellectual experience of reality with some fundamental characteristics that are independent of cultural and historical contexts. Spiritual and scientific quests are two complementary inquiries into reality. Any feeling of antagonism between them is a product of a narrow vision. Science deals with what is measurable; religion is the quest for discovering and understanding the immeasurable. A scientist is not intelligent if he denies the existence of the immeasurable. There is nothing that is anti-science but there is a lot that is beyond science. The two quests have to go hand in hand. We not only need to have an understanding of the laws that govern the phenomena occurring in the external world around us but also we need to discover order and harmony in our consciousness. Human understanding is incomplete unless it covers both aspects of reality: matter as well as consciousness. Indeed the division between the scientific and spiritual quests is itself the creation of the human mind. Reality is one undivided whole which includes both matter and consciousness. Our thoughts, being limited by our experience, divide the external world from the inner world of our consciousness, in much the same way as our mind divides time from space though they are both two aspects of a single continuum۔

وقار بن الہی کی افسانہ نگاری

The researcher has divided this thesis in five chapters as detailed below: The first chapter is about the mental and intellectual background of Waqar bin Ilahi. Although the thesis is about his literary works but it is necessary to know main events of his life to understand his approach. Details of his literary activities and his works are also included in this chapter. The second chapter is about the literary history of Urdu Short Story which helps to understand the main features of its tradition from start to modern age. Themes of waqar's short stories are discussed in the third chapter. Social issues, problems and environment of our offices, political issues, isolation of individual in modern society, psychological problems of the individual etc. are the main themes of waqar's short stories which have been discussed in this chapter. In the fourth chapter major elements of the art of short story writing with reference to waqar's works have been analysed. Fifth and the last chapter concludes the thesis and highlights the special features of waqar bin Ilahi's short stories.