مولانا عبدالباری ندوی
افسوس ہے مولانا عبدالباری ندوی کاگزشتہ مہینہ ایک طویل علالت کے بعد ۸۲برس کی عمر میں ان کے وطن لکھنؤ میں انتقال ہوگیا۔ مولانا کے نہایت ذہین اور طباع ہونے کی دلیل اس سے زیادہ اورکیاہوسکتی ہے کہ ان کی اصل تعلیم قدیم طریقہ کے مطابق عربی اورفارسی کی تھی اور انگریزی غالباً ہائی اسکول تک پڑھی تھی لیکن اپنے ذاتی مطالعہ اورشوق سے انھوں نے انگریزی میں اتنی استعداد بہم پہنچائی کہ اولاً فلسفۂ یورپ اورثانیاًسائنس کا مطالعہ کرسکیں۔فلسفہ سے انھیں خاص مناسبت تھی، چنانچہ اس میں ایساکمال حاصل کیا کہ برکلےؔ،برگسانؔ اورڈیوڈ ہیوم پر انھوں نے کتابیں لکھیں اور ان کی بعض کتابوں کا اردو میں ترجمہ کیا اورنہ صرف یہ بلکہ عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی میں پہلے فلسفہ کے لیکچرر اورپھراس کے ریڈر مقرر ہوئے۔ اسی زمانہ میں سیرت النبیؐ مصنفہ مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی کی جلدسوئم کے قدیم ایڈیشن میں مرحوم نے معجزات پرجو ایک باب لکھا تھا وہ زبان وبیان اوراستدلال و استنتاج کے اعتبار سے ایک نہایت اہم مقالہ کی حیثیت رکھتاتھا۔
طبع سلیم اگر رہنما نہ توفرط ذہانت اورفلسفہ کے ساتھ انہماک وتوغل بسا اوقات گمراہی کا سبب ہوجاتے ہیں، چنانچہ مرحوم کے ساتھ یہی ہوا، زندقہ والحاد کا شکار ہوگئے۔ ایک مدت کے بعد جب مولانا تھانوی سے بیعت ہوئے تو فلسفہ کا ردعمل اس شکل میں ہوا کہ مذہب کارہبانی تصور غالب آگیا، غرض کہ وہ زمانہ میں ع
اے روشنیٔ طبع توبرمن بلاشُدی
کامصداق رہے۔عملاً بڑے صالح،نیک،متقی اورپرہیز گار،زاہد وعابد، شب زندہ دار اوراخلاقی اعتبارسے بڑے شگفتہ طبع،بذلہ سنج وملنسار تھے۔مولانا شبلی کی تعلیم و تربیت نے اکابرعلماء وفضلا اورنامور ارباب قلم کی جو عظیم نسل پیداکی تھی، مولانا اس کی آخری یادگار تھے۔ ان کی آخری تصنیف جوبڑی معرکۃ الآرا ہے ’’مذہب و سائنس‘‘ ہے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ لغزشوں اورخطاؤں کومعاف فرمادے اورانھیں مغفرت و بخشش کی...
Divorce from a distressful and unhappy marital alliance implies emancipation from perpetual pain, abuse, agony and violence but the social stigma attached to a divorced woman casts its shadow for life in the patriarchal and paternalistic socio-cultural settings in Pakistan. Seeking a judicial redress for dissolution of marriage is a legal right that needs to be available equally to both men and women. However, Christian married couples who apply for a divorce, are left with no options except to invoke the charge of adultery under Christian Divorce Act 1869. Proving adultery as a ground for dissolution of marriage stands as an impediment entailing character assassination of the accused and narrows the application of divorce on other grounds, such as domestic violence, abandonment by husbands and cruelty. The clergy representing Christian community fully supports the ground of adultery for dissolution of Christian marriage and vehemently opposes any position that calls for inclusion of nofault divorce. _________
Rice is an important crop of Pakistan. Weed infestation and traditional rice growing methods are resulting in low rice yield. System of rice intensification (SRI) has emerged as an alternative and resource efficient rice production method. Field experiments were conducted, for two consecutive years (2010 and 2011), to assess the outcome of different weed management practices and to determine critical weed competition period in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the system of rice intensification. Experimental site was Agronomic research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. First experiment comprised the application of different weed control practices in SRI i.e. three times manual hoeing, three times hoeing with rotary hoe, one manual hoeing followed by foliar application of crop-water extracts, one hoeing with rotary hoe followed by crop-water extracts, post emergence application of orthosulfamuron @ 145 g a.i. ha-1, weed free and a control. Seedlings of 21 days age were transplanted in this experiment. Manual hoeing 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) with 5.34 and 4.99 t ha-1 kernel yield during 2010 and 2011, respectively, was recorded the best weed management method in SRI. Second experiment comprised plant spacing of 20, 25 and 30 cm and competition periods of 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after transplanting along with control and weed free treatments. In this experiment 21 days old seedlings were transplanted. The third experiment consisted of transplanting seedlings of 14, 21 and 28 days and competition periods of 20, 40, 60, and 80 days after sowing along with control and weed free treatments. The weed competition periods were randomized in sub-plots while plant spacing and seedling age were randomized in main plots in second and third experiment, respectively. All the experiments were replicated thrice. Super basmati variety was used. Nursery was raised on a soil enriched with farm yard manure and the seeds, after sowing, were covered with straw to preserve moisture and prevent the germinating seeds from heat injury and predators. One seedling per hill was transplanted in a muddy soil, and irrigation was provided in intermittent intervals as per requirements of SRI. Data pertaining to various parameters related to rice crop and weed species was recorded using the standard procedures and was analyzed using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique. Least significant difference (LSD) test at 0.05 probability was used to compare the significant treatments’ means. From the first experiment, manual hoeing 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) with 5.34 and 4.99 t ha-1 kernel yield during 2010 and 2011, respectively, was recorded the best weed management method in SRI. Second experiment showed that the combination of 25 × 25 cm spacing and competition for 20 DAT with kernel yield 5.4 and 5.3 t ha-1 during 2010 and 2011, respectively, was the most economical treatment combination. Moreover, experiment three ended with the finding that the combination of 21 days old seedlings and competition for 20 DAT was the most economical treatment combination in terms of kernel yield of rice i.e. 4.9 and 4.7 t ha-1 during 2010 and 2011, respectively. In short, Pakistani farmers can confidently adopt SRI to maximize their rice yield and to minimize their inputs. Minimal dependence of SRI upon synthetic chemicals can ensure environmental safety on sustainable basis.