پاکستانی معاشرہ اور تعلیمات قرآنی میں بعد

In spite of the fact that Pakistan is an Islamic Republic, 97% of the population is Muslim and majority of it is considered sentimently staunch Muslims; it is a fact that society is not familiar and closely attached with Quranic injunctions. There are many reasons for that such as custom of teaching Quran Nazira (reciting Quran without understanding), Arabic language is not part of curriculum and when it is taught in DiniMadaris, it is taught in boring Grammar Method relying on memorization. Quran is not taught in modern schools, colleges and universities and lower social status of Quran teachers etc. It is absolutely necessary that teaching Quran with comprehension and understanding is given due importance by Ulama, governments and Muslim society at large. It should be made integral part of curriculum in modern schools and universities. Status of Quran/Arabic teachers should be elevated and Arabic language should be taught in an attractive method;  and other necessary measures are taken to make Quran ‘talk of the town’ so that every Muslim understands it and acts upon its injunctions.

Functional Properties of Bitter Gourd Phytochemicals in Product Development

Functional and health endorsing benefits of various foods are often attributed to their phytochemistry. The bitter gourd holds potential in improving the food products quality owing to its incredible versatility in compounds. In the current exploration, different bitter gourd varieties and their parts were evaluated for their therapeutic potential and utilization in value added baked products. For the purpose four types of bitter gourd powders i.e. whole fruit, seedless fruit, seeds and extracts were prepared. Compositional analysis revealed that bitter gourd variety FSD-Long along with parts is rich source of minerals, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, tocopherols (α, β & γ), phenolic acids, saponin, charantin, alkaloids, momordicin, fatty acids and dietary fiber.However, extract possessed higher concentration of water soluble substances than otherparts. All parts ofFSD-Long inhibited in vitrolipid peroxidation and scavenged DPPH radicals significantly. Afterwards, all parts of the selected variety (FSD-Long) were added in cookies at various levels to enrich the formulation. Considering the results of characterization and product development; whole fruit, flesh and seed part @ 3%, and extract @ 0.5% were selected for further use in efficacy study. The experimental rats modeling comprised of three segments including normal, hyperglycemic and hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats. Initial trials were conducted in normal rats; indicated that diets prepared with bitter gourd parts hold hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic perspectives. In the second section, streptozotocin injection was used to induce diabetes mellitus in rats and observed a decrease of 42.22% glucose in group fed extract based cookies. Furthermore, level of insulin increased in bitter gourd part cookies upto 58.64% indicated that the experimental diets hold insulin tropic potential. Final efficacy trials were conducted involving hypercholesterolemic rats. In control group, momentous increase in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL levels was observed. All parts attenuate the cholesterol 18.79 to 40.17% triglycerides 25.97 to 37.01% and LDL 14.49 to 26.09%. All parts reduced the serum glucose significantly by enhancing insulin secretion. From the present study, it is deduced that bitter gourd extract can be supplemented in food products for the management of these maladies.