مولوی ابوالحسن علی فراہی اصلاحی
مولوی ابوالحسن علی فراہی اصلاحی ناظم مدرسۃ الاصلاح سرائے میر کئی ماہ سے بیمار تھے۔ علاج کے باوجود مرض بڑھتا گیا۔ بالاخر ۳۱؍ جنوری ۱۹۸۷ء کو وقت موعود آپہنچا اور رحلت کرگئے، اناﷲ و انا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ ترجمان القرآن مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کے حقیقی پوتے تھے، ان کی تعلیم مدرسۃ الاصلاح کے علاوہ شبلی نیشنل اسکول و کالج میں ہوئی تھی، گھر کے خوش حال تھے، اس لئے کوئی ملازمت کرنے کے بجائے زمین اور زمینداری کی دیکھ بھال کرتے رہے، لیکن قومی و ملی کاموں سے دلچسپی تھی، تقسیم کے زمانہ میں جمعیۃ علماء کانگریس کے پرجوش حامی تھے، تقسیم کے بعد صوبہ کانگریس کے ممبر بھی ہوئے، پھر پرانے کانگریسیوں کی طرح اس سے دل برداشتہ ہوکر لوک دل میں چلے گئے مگر اس سے بھی نباہ نہ کرسکے اور اب سیاسی جھمیلوں سے الگ ہوکر صرف مدرسۃ الاصلاح کی خدمت کے لئے وقف ہوگئے تھے، جس سے اپنے دادا کی یادگار ہونے کی بناء پر ہمیشہ بہت تعلق رکھا، پہلے اس کے نائب ناظم ہوئے اور اب کئی برس سے ناظم ہوگئے تھے۔
وہ جس اخلاص، ایثار و قربانی سے کسی معاوضہ کے بغیر مدرسہ کی خدمت انجام دے رہے تھے، اس کی مثال کسی دینی مدرسہ میں کم ہی ملے گی، ان کے دور میں مدرسہ میں کئی عمارتیں تعمیر ہوئی، بعض مفید کام بھی انجام پائے، یہاں ان کے دادا کی یاد میں دائرہ حمیدیہ قائم ہوا تھا جس کو متحرک بنانے کے بڑے خواہشمند تھے، مرحوم کو دارالمصنفین سے بھی گہرا لگاؤ تھا۔ ان کے دادا مولانا حمیدالدین فراہیؒ کی سرپرستی میں اس کا آغاز ہوا تھا، ان کے بعد ان کے چھوٹے بھائی مولوی حاجی رشید الدین فراہی کو بھی اس ادارہ سے بڑی دلچسپی اور ہمدردی رہی۔
مرحوم مرنجان مرنج شخص تھے، طبیعت...
Brought up in the context of a very critical time of Islamic history, Imām Muḥammad Jalāl’uddīn Qāsimī (1866-1914) played a vital role to reform and purify the ongoing mindset of the Muslims in Syria in his time. He was a man believed in an independent thinking in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. He taught the people to get rid of the backwardness and blind imitation (Taqlīd). For this purpose of his, he presented the works of the previous leading Islamic Scholars as they were. He was expert in various fields of knowledge like Qur’ān, Ḥadīth and their Sciences, Jurisprudence, Dialectic, etc. One of his masterpieces is his exegesis known as “Maḥāsin al-Tāwīl”. It is a great exegetical work; as most of the exegetical aspects are entertained in it. It has nine or seventeen volumes according to its two different editions, including a whole volume of preamble containing eleven Rules of Quranic Sciences. Although the critics object to his copying the long paragraphs of the prominent Islamic Scholars without commenting or editing and on his long discussions that deviate the reader from the actual purpose of the Holy Qur’ān, but to present the material in this way for the purpose of reformations of Muslims and to bring them back to the way of Salaf through their words, in that crucial time, justifies the significance of the work. In this article, the author probes to present the mythology adopted by Imām Qāsimī in his exegesis and its scholarly merits.
A markedly noticeable reduction in summer vegetable production is observed due to prolonged exposure to elevated temperature beyond optimum growing level which finally carries food security threat in Indo-Pak subcontinent especially in the central Punjab of our country. Inherited variation in heat tolerance is a worth mentioning tool to deal with this issue. Eggplant locally called as baingan is an important vegetable crop equally cultivated and consumed in Europe and Asia. This crop has to face various biotic and abiotic stressors throughout its growing period. Hence, a brief study was planned in order to study heat tolerance potential in eggplant. The present research work was comprised of four experiments. Screening of 22 eggplant genotypes was done against heat stress and two heat tolerant and two heat sensitive genotypes were selected in first experiment. Thirty days old seedlings of eggplant genotypes were subjected to elevated temperature (45/35°C) for almost one week. Gradual heat stress was given to the seedlings to avoid osmotic shock. Heat stress tolerant and susceptible genotypes were screened out on the base of different morphological characteristics (number of leaves per plant, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weights etc.). Significant differences about heat tolerance were observed among eggplant genotypes under study. Genotype 25919 and Nirala were ranked as most heat tolerant, while 28389 and pak- 10927 were taken as most sensitive to high temperature. In 2nd experiment one month old eggplant seedlings of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were subjected to heat stress in the same manner as described for the 1stexperiment. It was confirmed from the second experiment that genotype 25919 and Nirala were found heat stress tolerant, 28389 and pak-10927 as heat sensitive also on the basis of morpho-physiological and bio-chemical basis. Further, the recorded data revealed that enzymatic antioxidants; superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were mostly produced in heat tolerant genotypes of eggplant in comparison to heat susceptible ones. It was found that characteristics under study were purely genotype dependent.In 3rd experiment, various concentrations of triacontanol (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25µM) were given to one month old seedlings of selected eggplant genotypes at 45/35°C temperature. Data regarding growth (number of leaves, mass of fresh and dry seedlings etc.), physiological characteristics (water use efficiency, transpiration rate and chlorophyll contents) and biochemical characteristics (antioxidant activities of peroxidase catalase and superoxide dismutase,) demonstrated that seedlings supplemented with 10 µM concentration of triacontanol had maximum capability to endure damaging effects of heat stress. In the last experiment of this research, nursery seedlings of selected genotypes 25919 and Nirala (heat tolerant) and 28389 and pak-10927 genotypes (sensitive), were evaluated in field. Pre grown nursery was transplanted on three dates for maximum plant exposure to environmental high temperature. Foliar application of triacontanol was given to plants. Triacontanol treated plants of all genotypes showed better morphological attributes as well as enzymatic antioxidants hence, enhancing the plant capacity to tolerate heat stress. Overall yield was found to be increased in triacontanol supplemented plants in comparison to no treated plants in eggplant. Each genotype performed better in 1st transplantation, followed by 2nd and 3rd date of transplantation. Conclusively, it can be stated that foliar application of triacontanol at 10µM concentration had potential to mitigate the extreme effects of high temperatures and produce good yield in eggplant.