کالی رات
20ستمبر1996ء کی کالی رات (آخری حصہ )
ہمارے گھر (70کلفٹن)کے باہر ہو نے والی شدید فائرنگ 45منٹس کے بعد رک چکی تھی ۔میرے پا پا (میر مرتضی بھٹو)کی اب تک کوئی خبر نہیں تھی ۔میں اپنی امی (غنویٰ بھٹو )کے ساتھ حالات کا جائزہ لینے باہر آئی اور پولیس والوں سے فائرنگ کی وجہ پو چھی تو انھوں نے جواب دیا کہ کچھ ڈاکوئوںسے ہمارا مقابلہ ہوا ہے ۔باہر خطر ہ ہے اس لیے آپ اندر رہیں پولیس والوں پہ یقین کر کے ہم واپس گھر آئے ۔
کچھ دیر بعد مجھے پتہ چلا کہ باہر ہو نے والی فائرنگ کسی اور پہ نہیں بلکہ میرے پا پا اور ان کے ساتھیوں پہ ہوئی ہے ۔فائرنگ بند ہو نے کے بعد 40سے 50منٹس تک میرے پا پا اور ان کے ساتھیوں کو جائے وقوعہ پر ہی تڑپتا چھوڑ دیا گیا ۔جس کا مقصد صرف یہی تھا کہ خون زیادہ بہنے کی وجہ سے تمام زخمی جن میں پا پا بھی شامل تھے اپنے آپ مر گئے ۔
اس پولیس کارروائی کا مقصد صرف ایک ہی تھا میرے پا پا کو قتل کر نا ۔یہ ایک منظم اور طے شدہ منصوبہ تھا ۔جس کی تیاری پولیس والوں کی جانب سے سے پچھلے کئی دنوں سے جا ری تھی ۔
فائرنگ کے بعد پا پا کے کافی ساتھی موقع پر ہی شہید ہو گئے لیکن پا پا زخمی اور زندہ تھے ۔اگر پاپا کو جلدی سے طبی سہولیات ملتی تو وہ بچ سکتے تھے لیکن پولیس کو پا پا کے قتل کے احکا مات ملے ہو ئے تھے تو وہ کیوں پا پا کو طبی سہولیات دلواتے ۔فائرنگ بند ہونے کے تقریباََ 50منٹس بعد پا پا کو پولیس کی گاڑی میں...
Background: Black Cumin/Nigella sativa (NS) which belongs to the botanical family of Ranunculaceae commonly grows in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Western Asia. Its prolonged use can produce physiological changes with or without affecting the architecture of different organs like the heart (cardiac remodeling). The data for the cardiovascular benefits of black cumin are not well-established scientifically. Objectives: To determine the direct cardiovascular effects of Nigella Sativa extract on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical force), ECG, and coronary flow in the normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on forty-two (42) rabbits. These rabbits were divided into seven groups, each comprising six animals (Group I-VI without cardiac remodeling and Group VII with cardiac remodeling). NS was given to these groups in different doses i.e, Group I (NS=10ug), Group II (NS=30ug), Group III (NS=100ug), Group IV (NS=300ug), Group V (NS=3000ug), Group VI (NS=10000ug) and VII (NS=300ug). Radnoti's working heart system was used to determine the effects of NS on heart rate, cardiac contractility (apical Force), ECG, and coronary flow in a normal heart with and without cardiac remodeling. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 28. Results: Results of this study revealed negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects without ECG changes in the normal heart and with ECG changes in the remodeled heart. Conclusions: Prolonged use of Nigella sativa can lead to disturbed ECG by affecting the conducting tissue.
Exploring of the science concept development and change in young children has been a neglected area in most of the developing countries. Research in the developed world indicates that many children do not have a scientific understanding of such concepts like; energy, force, motion and living nonliving things, even by the age of 10 years. The purpose of this study was to explore and to develop young children's (age 3 to 5 years) learning of the concept of living and nonliving things in one of the private schools in Karachi. This exploratory research used the action research approach and qualitative data collection methods like classroom observations, and interviews to investigate the process of conceptual development and change students' learning about living and nonliving things. During explorations most of the students were found to think about living and non living things in a nonscientific way like every moving thing is living and when living things is in pictorial form students consider it nonliving. Students' ideas and understanding about living and nonliving things were limited to their daily life observations and experiences. The study involved classroom teaching over the 6-week lessons of teaching the concept living and nonliving things'. A small group of six students was focused during the study to find out changes in the process of conceptual development. The predominant changes were development of scientific terminology and improvement in the use of criteria for explaining living and nonliving things. The social set up of the classroom and the teaching strategies based on explorations, problem-solving, and hands-and minds-on experiences helped the students to learn in a better way. Students having some prior understanding of the concept of living and nonliving things were identified as being able to benefit from classroom instruction. However, the students who had no prior understanding of the concept were found least able to develop the concept. The study also discusses the factors related to classroom practices of the teachers' that facilitate or hinder the process of scientific concept development and change. Recommendations were made for teaching that the teaching instructions should focus on conceptual development and change rather than enrichment of knowledge alone.