تربية اليتيم في ضوء الأسلوب القرآني

No doubt, that Allah’s book, the Holy Quran came for gathering the hearts, joining the ranks, strengthening the love and affection, kindness and justice, coordination between family and society, to build the strong coordinated society and orphan especially about the loss of their rights and depriving of their properties or engulf them wrongly. This paper discusses the care of the Quran with the orphans in all the dimensions of their rights and the situation of Qura’nic training/education for them, so that they can become strong parts for the society. Most of the coming verses discusses/narrates about them. Stating the meaning from them for all the justices that the Quran preceded all those demanding the justice for orphans rather it gave them with complete explanations. No explanations disturb anything about it knowledgeable, that the verses of the Quran presented 22 verses in which word of the orphan mentioned with the people 8 times and with the dual once and with the plural 14 times and he who explore these verses finds them divided into three types and the 1st type presents the mentioning of kindness/ charity, and testament/will for them in our Shariah and in the previous Shariahs, and the 2nd type mentions their social rights, so this paper studies all the dimensions of orphans’ life in the light of Qura’nic method with detail, so I liked to divide my this research paper into preface, 3 chapters and ending whereas preface includes the definition of orphan, and 1st chapter states the kindness/charity to the orphan and testament for them in the light of our Shariah and including the definition of orphan, and 2nd chapter presents their social rights as the 3rd takes care of their financial rights. In the ending comes with the important recommendations and suggestions.

Stochastic Models for Population of Pakistan

TITLE: Stochastic Models for Population of Pakistan PAGES: 182 STUDENT: Muhammad Zakria SUPERVISOR: Professor Dr. Faqir Muhammad UNIVERSITY: Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan YEAR: 2005-2009 SUBJECT: Statistics DEGREE: Ph.D Population of Pakistan is projected by scientists, bureaus and countries using different methodologies. In this study, population projections, its age-sex distribution vision 2030 and inequality of the recorded and projected age-sex distribution is projected by different methods. Moreover, the reproductive cohort measure and fertility trends of the population during the last 20 years are measured. The said goals are achieved by using the population censuses data. First of all, the quality of all censuses data is checked and found to be very poor especially of 1972 census. Different popular smoothing techniques are used to smooth the census data and strong smoothed data is used for further analysis. A time series model i.e. ARIMA (1, 2, 0) W was found to be a parsimonious model and population is projected for the next 20 years. It would be approximately 230.68 million in 2027 along with 95% confidence limits 193.33 million and 275.25 million. The age sex distribution as well as iv the total population is also projected by using the Modified Markov chain method for 40 years ahead since 1981. The Projections by the Time series models and the Modified Markov chain method are more close to the projections of four internationally known bureaus i.e. (WPP 2008; People Facts and Figures & Total Population by Country 2009) and greater than (NIPS 2006; IDB 2008). Gini coefficients of the projected age sex distribution indicated the medium level of concentration during the next 20 years. Approximately 43.74%, 47.27% and 45.46% decrease in TFR has been seen in rural areas, urban areas and in Pakistan respectively during 1984-2005. Different polynomial models are studied and third degree polynomial model is recommended to fit on the age specific fertility rates of Pakistan and its rural urban regions.