عرب اسلامی روایت کے برصغیر پاک و ہند میں تفسیر نگاری پر اثرات: عہد رسالت تا خلافت عباسیہ کے تناظر میں اختصاصی مطالعہ

It is an established fact that the mainthrust driving force  of all Islamic disciplines is the personality of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who appeared in the Arab Peninsula, spreading the rays of divine wisdom throughout the globe. He emerged and prevailed the Prophetic message in such a vivid style that the whole humanity confessed his lasting impressions. The Indian sub-continent has also been one of the impressed territories despite of having no direct social, cultural or religious relationships, yet some approaches from Indian sub-continental Rajas and presentations of gifts to the Prophet (PBUH) have been recorded in the history. Historians have expressed the reality that before Muhammad bin Qasim, a numbers of companions of Prophet reached India and played a pivotal role in making the suitable ground for embracing Islam. Hence, the Arab epistemological tradition engraved in the core of Indian hearts which consequently, reappeared and emerged in the classical exegetical literature of sub-continental scholars, such as Shah Waliullah and his off shoots both in India and Pakistan. This paper has been specifically articulated to explore the Arab impression on exegetical writings in the sub-continent

Interrelationship Among Capital Structure, Corporate Governance Measures and Firm Value : Panel Study from Pakistan

The aim of the study is to test most discussed relationship between capital structure and firm value by investigating the intervening impact of various corporate governance measures. Major objective of the study is to examine the moderating and mediating impact of selected governance measures (board size, board independence, CEO role duality, managerial ownership and ownership concentration) on the relationship between capital structure (leverage) and firm value (Tobin' Q). However, the study also investigated the impact of governance measures on firm value, and impact of leverage on these governance measures. The study used the 775 firm year observations of 155 non-financial companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange for financial years containing 2008 to 2012. Keeping in view the nature of data (balanced panel), fixed effects regression method is employed to estimate the formulated relationships. To test the mediation and moderation impact of governance measures this research used methods suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986). For first relationship of interest (impact of leverage on firm value) the study found significant positive impact, but in case of corporate governance, only board independence and ownership concentration measures are found affecting firm value significant with positive sign. Intensity of relationship is also very high (more than 0.3 for both of the variables). For third relationship i.e., impact of leverage on governance measures, this study found no significant affects. While finding, moderation this study found significant positive moderation for board independence and ownership concentration. However for managerial ownership this study found significant negative moderating effect between leverage and firm value. Four steps of Baron and Kenny (1986) are followed to find mediation, but in second step (impact of leverage on governance measures) this study found no teneralizable effects, so as a result this research study concluded no mediation.