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Wireless Local Telephone Exchange Using Atmel Microcontroller and Bluetooth Protocol

Thesis Info

Author

Adeel Ahmed, Hammad Afzal, Waqas Mahboob

Supervisor

Ehsen Mirza

Department

Department of Computer Engineering

Program

BS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2006

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Engineering

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-07 07:32:44

ARI ID

1676719772182

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Timeline of major events relating to the life of The Prophet(P)

Timeline of major events
relating to the life of The Prophet(P)

CE 570: Birth of the Prophet.
610: Beginning of the Revelation of The Qur’an.
613: The Prophet formally begins his Mission with preaching and advocacy.
615: Refuge of some Muslims in Abyssinia.
617: Siege of the Prophet and his family.
619: Death of the Prophet’s wife and his first-born son.
620: The Prophet’s Night Journey to Jerusalem and the Heavens.
620: Pledge of Aqabah in preparation for his migration.
622: Migration to Madeenah.
AH 02/CE 624: Battle of Badr.
03/625: Battle of Uhud.
05/627: Battle of the Trench.
06/628: Treaty of Hudaybia.
08/629: Makkah reverts to Islam.
08/630: Battle of Hunayn, Battle of Ta’ef.
09/631: Tabuk Expedition.
10/632: Farewell Pilgrimage.
11/632: The Prophet leaves this world.

* CE - Common Era. * AH - After Hijrah

When Comes such Another? Asma Jahangir 1952 –2018

On the 11th of February this year death vanquished Pakistan’s Asma Jahangir: Nothing else could. Her name will endure; yet one cannot go on to say “death thou art dead” for the vacuum in the field where this indomitable and intellectually gifted lawyer fought and won her battles for the forgotten and ignored, the resource-less, and – above all – for the politically and socially persecuted is felt more gravely with each passing day: Asma Jahangir was a convinced human rights activist. There are many such, but she was a uniquely effective and successful one.

Detection of Babesia Ovis Through Polymerase Chain Reaction in Sheep and Goat from District Bahawalpur

The infection of Ovine babesia is considered as a tick-borne disease that is caused by a haematotropic parasite belonging to the genus babesia. Main infection in small ruminants (goat and sheep) is caused by three babesia species. The sickness caused by genus Babesia ovis (B .ovis) is very horrific mostly in goat and sheep and causes rigorous infection that is characterized by fever, anemia. The present study was carried on to become aware of B.ovis through PCR within the blood samples of small ruminants at Bahawalpur district. Total one Hundred blood samples of sheep and goat randomly were gathered from different areas of district Bahawalpur. Blood smear slides were prepared and analyzed through microscope. DNA was extracted by inorganic method. PCR amplification was done using specific set of primers for babesia species and results were studied through gel electrophoresis. Overall prevalence of babesia species was 18% by microscopy. Area wise percentages of microscopy tests were also calculated. 18% (18/100)Jamalpur 10% (1/10), Hasilpur 30%( 3/10), Khairpur 10% (1/10), Qaimpur 10% (1/10), Lal sohanra 20% (2/10), Lal sohanra park 30% (3/10), Yazman mandi 10%( 1/10), Rajkan 20% (2/10), Ahmad pur East 20%( 2/10), Uch Sharif 20% (2/10). PCR showed11% (11/100) positive result in sheep and goat (10% (1/10) in Jamalpur, 20% (2/10) in Khairpur 10% (1/10) in Qaimpur , 0% (0/10) in Lal sohanra , 10% (1/10) in Lalsohara park , 20% (2/10) in Yazman mandi 0%(0/10), Rajkan 10%(1/10), Ahmad pur 10%(1/10) and in Uch sharif 20%(2/10). The specificity and sensitivity of PCR was 100% in findings of B.ovis as compared to microscopy which showed 18% (18/100) sensitivity and 100% specificity was pragmatic. The study reveals that PCR is the additional sensitive technique in designation against babesiosis as compared to research and counseled it for field application in district Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. However, safety measures are required in order to domesticate the small ruminants like sheep and goat from such pathogenic parasites.