پروفیسر سید نواب علی
ہماری پرانی علمی شخصیتیں ایک ایک کرکے اٹھتی جاتی ہیں، اور ان کا بدل نظر نہیں آتا، جون کی آخری تاریخوں میں مشہور اہل قلم اور نامور فاضل پروفیسر سید نواب علی صاحب ایم اے نے انتقال کیا، ان کا اصل وطن نیوتنی ضلع اوناؤ تھا، لیکن ملازمت کے سلسلے میں ان کا قیام زیادہ تر گجرات میں رہا، وہاں وہ مختلف بڑے بڑے تعلیمی عہدوں پر ممتاز رہے، سرکاری ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد ریاست جوناگڑھ کے وزیر تعلیم ہوگئے تھے، اس سے سبکدوش ہونے کے بعد وطن لوٹ آئے تھے، پھر قیام پاکستان کے بعد کراچی چلے گئے اور وہیں گذشتہ ۳۰؍ جون کو وفات پائی۔
مرحوم، حضرت سید صاحب رحمۃ اﷲ علیہ کے ہمعصر تھے، ان کی طالب علمی کا زمانہ لکھنؤ میں گزرا تھا، اس زمانہ میں وہ مولانا شبلی کی صحبت سے مستفید ہوئے، اس لیے دارالمصنفین اور اس کے کارکنوں سے ان کے تعلقات بہت قدیم تھے، اور وہ اس کے ابتدائی ارکان میں تھے، جدید علوم کے ساتھ عربی سے بھی واقف تھے اور اسلامی علوم پر بھی ان کی نظر تھی، ان کا علمی ذوق بہت بلند تھا۔ وہ متعدد بلند پایہ کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، اور اپنی تصانیف کے ذریعہ انھوں نے دین کی بڑی خدمت انجام دی، ان کی تصانیف کی تعداد ایک درجن کے قریب ہوگی ان میں ’’سیرۃ الرسول‘‘ اور ’’تاریخ صحف سماوی‘‘ اور ’’معارج الدین‘‘ زیادہ اہم ہیں، اب ایسے محقق فاضل مسلمانوں میں مشکل سے پیدا ہوں گے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی،اگست ۱۹۶۱ء)
The Sharīʻah maxims related to originality and dependency are one of the most important maxims which have a significant role in Islamic law. Therefore, the classical jurists paid adequate attention to these maxims and applied them in various issues and cases of fiqh. This paper seeks to analyze the effect of these maxims in different commercial transactions, namely the shariah stauts about the investment and trade in shares of those companies whose mostly transactions are lawful and a few transations are unlawful, shariah status about sale and purchase of shares that contains liquid and fixed assets. This research also explains different types of contracts combined in a single transaction; discusses the effect (with special reference to facilitations and easiness) of said maxims in contracts combined in a single transaction; analyz all the traditions of prophet (ﷺ) about the combination of contracts. The article is divided into two main sections in the following way: First section contains three main Sharīʻah maxims related to originality and dependency. Second deals with the modern applications of these maxims in commercial transactions. An applied and juristic research approach has been employed for the collection and analysis of data.
Peach (Prunuspersica L.) is an important stone fruit of the temperate zone of the globe. It is a nutrient-dense fruit containing important health promoting constituents. The short postharvest life of fresh peach is a main bottleneck in supplying the fruit to national and international markets. Chilling injury is another limiting factor in the post-harvest life of fruit during the cold storage. Keeping in view the economic importance of the fruit and huge postharvest losses, the present research study was designed in three phases. Late maturing variety Indian Blood "Swat No. 8" was selected for the research. The fruits were stored at 0±1°C with 85–90% RH during the period of analysis. The data regarding various parameters were recorded at 10 day intervals up to 40 days of storage intervals. In experiment No.1 (first phase),fruits were treated with hot water to optimize the suitable hot water temperature and the optimized water temperature was50°C, that was used for all other treatments of second and third phases of this investigation. Physicochemical analysis(moisture content, total soluble solids(TSS), weight Loss, pH, acidity, sugar acid ratio, reducing sugar content, non-reducing sugar content, vitamin C content, beta carotene content , total phenolic content, ash, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, flesh firmness, water activity, chilling injury and decay index), microbial analysis(total bacterial count (TBC), total fungal count(TFC), brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), Rhizopus rot(Rhizopus stolonifer), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and sensory analysis(colour, flavour, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability) of the treated and non-treated (control) peaches were performed to optimize the hurdle conditions to preserve the physical and nutritional quality for a longer period in storage.. On the basis of overall quality characteristics,T4(peaches with hot water treatment at 50°C) was selected for research. The second phase consisted of three experiments. In experiment No.2, 1-MCP, CaCl2 and salicylic acid was use alone and in combinations. Fruits were analyzed for physicochemical microbial and sensory properties at 10 days intervals for 40 days during the cold storage.1-MCP + CaCl2 maintained good qualities of the peaches by lowering chilling injury and microbial loads and with higher sensory attributes up to 40 days of storage followed by 1-MCP + salicylic acid. In experiment No.3, hot water and chemicals treatment optimized in the previous experiment was used for rest of the experiments. In this experiment, hot water (500C) was used in combination with 1-MCP, CaCl2 and salicylic acid. The combined effect of the best selected treatments (Hot water+ 1-MCP(500 μg L -1 ) + CaCl2(3%)followed by hot water + 1-MCP (500 μg L -1)+ salicylic acid (0.10 g/L ) exhibited good results to keep the qualities of peaches for 40 days in cold storage. In experiment No.4, aloe vera wax and sulfur dioxide fumigation were used alone and in combinations. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical, microbial and sensory attributes at10 days intervals for 30 days in cold storage. The best result was observed when the fruits were treated with aloe vera wax (Aloe vera gel was diluted with 1:3 ratio with distilled water) along with sulfur dioxide (1%) fumigation. In experiment No.5 (third phase), the combined effect of hot water, 1-MCP, CaCl2, salicylic acid and aloe vera wax was evaluated. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical, microbial and organoleptic propertiesat10 days intervals for50 days in cold storage. Hot water treatment along with 1-MCP, CaCl2, and aloe vera wax maintained physicochemical qualities, decreased the chilling injury and microbial loads and increased sensory acceptance up to 50 days followed by hot water treatment along with 1-MCP, salicylic acid, and aloe vera wax during cold storage. In experiment No.6, hot water, 1-MCP, CaCl2, salicylic acid, aloe vera wax and sulfur dioxide fumigation was used in combinations. Fruit samples were analyzed for physicochemical, microbial and sensory evaluation at 10 days intervals for 50 days in cold storage. The combined effect of the best selected treatments (hot water, 1-MCP (500 μg L -1 ),CaCl2(3%), aloe vera wax (Aloe vera gel was diluted with 1:3 ratio with distilled water) and sulfur dioxide fumigation (1%) resulted in lower microbial loads and chilling injury and higher sensory qualities during the cold storage followed by hot water, 1-MCP, salicylic acid, aloe vera wax and sulfur dioxide fumigation. The current research study provides a background for the efficient postharvest applications of hot water, 1-MCP, CaCl2, salicylic acid along with aloe vera wax and sulfur dioxide fumigation in order to reduce post harvest losses, chilling injury, microbial loads, maintain the overall quality of peaches and increase its availability in the distant markets.