Knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medical population of Lahore, Pakistan Evidence Based Pharmaceutical Care

Pharmaceutical care related services provided by pharmacists in the community are mainly taking patients' medication history, informing patients about use of medications, informing patients about medication storage, and provide information about drug and/or food interaction. Objective: Toevaluate the knowledge about evidence based pharmaceutical care in medical and non-medicalpopulation of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A sample of 100 participants was drawn by using non-convenient sampling in this cross-sectional survey. Survey was conducted within the duration of 6 months from 2nd June, 2020 to 15th December, 2020. Data was collected from participants of different universities, societies and hospitals, having age between 25-40 years, both genders without discrimination of profession. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Qualitative data was calculated using frequencies and percentages. Results: In this study 63% medical and 37% non-medical participants respond to questionnaire. About 34% of the population had knowledge about pharmaceutical care. Almost 23%had lack of knowledge about pharmaceutical care while 43%participants did not respond. Conclusions: The knowledge about pharmaceutical care in general community is very vital and pharmacist shouldprovide knowledge and pharmaceutical care services to the patients.

Association Study Between Vitamin D Receptor Gene Apai Polymorphism and Osteoporosis in Population of Lahore

Osteoporosis is known as a chronic and systemic bone disorders. Osteoporosis xiv destroys the bone microarchitecture tissues thus bone becomes so weak that leads the high risk of fractures. Mostly women are affected than men. Osteoporosis and its related fractures has become serious problem in Pakistani elder population and according to survey the prevalence of osteoporosis in our country is 9.9 million and 7.2 million out of them are osteoporotic women. Genes of Vitamin D receptor (VDR) consider as candidate gene for bone mass regulation in osteoporosis. The current study examined the VDR gene polymorphism (ApaI) on PCR-RFLP based on hundred samples among the population of Lahore, city of Pakistan to determine prevalence of osteoporosis and compare the frequency of osteoporosis between genotype and allelic sub-groups. The analysis showed that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) followed HardyWeinberg equilibrium (HWE) that p > 0.05. No significant association was found among case and controls for allelic and genotypic frequency. The case and controls both have almost same frequency of AA, AC and CC genotype. Almost same allelic (A and C) frequency of ApaI also demonstrated no significant association among case and controls. Therefore it was observed that ApaI polymorphic site on VDR gene has no significance relation for osteoporosis in studied patients (p> 0.05). The current study recommended that ApaI VDR genotype could not be candidate gene leading to osteoporosis. The current study is also tried to uncover its associated risk factors that Phosphorus has significance association (p =.006) with normal?and patient (by an independent-sample t-test) hence it has also significant association (p =.026) with age groups (by ANOVA). It means that phosphorus has key function for bones development and bone strength