عصر حاضر میں مسلم معاشروں کو درپیش نظریہ الحاد کا فکری چیلنج اور اسلامی تناظر میں اس کا حل

Ideological Challenges of Atheism to the Muslim Societies and their Solutions from Islamic Perspective It’s a matter of fact that Muslim Societies are facing many socio-political and religious challenges within contemporary dominant waves of thought. One of the serious challenges being faced by the Muslim in the current scenario is Atheism. Although in past era, the Atheism couldn’t become influential with general acceptance of commoners but recently, the ideology of Atheism is spreading fast with statistically reported impact on all religions and civilizations. Atheism is a lack of belief in God, gods or any supernatural being along with the rejection of belief that any deities exist. The philosophy of atheism is nothing new, but it has changed its manifestations over a period. This is obvious that Atheism has now become a serious challenge ideologically and morally for Muslim societies. We are living in a fast-changing society, where preservation of Islamic belief is a challenging task particularly for the new young generation and modern educated lot. Atheists use every possible and available mean and tool for preaching their thoughts and beliefs i.e. Print media, electronic media and above all social media. In this context, this study will explore the questions that; what are the effects of Atheism in Muslim Societies and what is its solution in Islamic perspective? Analytical research methodology will be used in this study. This study perceives that the public and private sector universities are the soft target of Atheism. There is suggested legal, ethical & ideological mechanisms to protect Muslim Societies from threat of Atheism.

from Macro- Architecture to Micro- Architecture for Super Speed Universal Serial Bus Usb 3. 0

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial connectivity standard that provides easy connection between all sorts of peripherals and host computer. Main purpose behind the development of USB standard is to replace many varieties of parallel and serial ports.USB 2.0 is the current serial connectivity solution that supports transfer rates up to 480 Mbps. With the development of USB 3.0 enabled products, this transfer rate will soon increase to 4.8 Gbps, tenfold higher transfer rate over USB 2.0. USB 3.0 (also branded as USB SuperSpeed) will be the next version of the Universal Serial Bus family. The goal of this research is to define and develop the macro-architecture and then micro-architecture (independent of languages) for the USB 3.0 host controller soft IP core. USB 3.0 is very current standard. Its technical specification revisions 1.0 released in November 2008. Standard define new dual-bus architecture that is fully compatible with USB 2.0. It offers more than 10 % high speed over USB 2.0?s and better power saving mechanism. Due to its complexity designing the architectural specification from technical specification will be a great challenge. Because of high speed and high performance, low power consumption would be a crucial design concern. The next optional step of this research would be the optimization of this architecture for power and speed. Once it has been done and verified according to given SuperSpeed USB technical specifications, optimization techniques would be applied to produce low power and highly efficient core for USB 3.0. Future work includes implementation and simulations of the host controller IP core. The architecture and the micro-architecture developed for this project will result in development of commercial soft IP core. It will serve as bases for creating several other products.