خان بہادر مولوی بشیر الدین
افسوس ہے کہ اسی مہینہ تعلیم ِجدید کی ایک نامور شخصیت نے بھی داغ مفارقت دیا۔خان بہادر مولوی بشیر الدین، سرسید اوران کے رفقاء کے عہد کی یادگار تھے۔انتہاء درجہ مخلص،مسلمانوں کادرد رکھنے والے،پرلے درجے کے نیشنلسٹ، کٹر مذہبی اور دین دار، انتھک اورخاموشی کے ساتھ نہایت ٹھوس اور تعمیری کام کرنے والے۔یہ سب اوصاف و کمالات کسی ایک شخص میں مشکل سے ہی جمع ہوسکتے ہیں لیکن قدرت نے مرحوم کی ذات میں یہ سب اوصاف وکمالات بیک وقت جمع کردیے تھے۔ان کا اٹاوہ ہائی اسکول جواب ڈگری کالج ہے صرف اترپردیش کانہیں بلکہ پورے ہندوستان کاایک مثالی اسلامیہ ہائی اسکول تھا جس نے سینکڑوں بڑے بڑے اورنامور مسلمان پیداکیے۔اس اسکول کی سب سے بڑی خصوصیت یہ تھی کہ عمدہ اوربہترین تعلیم کے ساتھ اسلامی تربیت کا بھی خاص طور پر خیال رکھا جاتا تھا اوراسکول اوربورڈنگ کے اخراجات اس درجہ کم تھے کہ تھوڑی آمدنی رکھنے والے والدین بھی اپنے بچوں کویہاں بڑی آسانی اورسہولت کے ساتھ تعلیم دلا سکتے تھے۔مرحوم نے کافی عمر پائی۔سو سال سے زیادہ کی عمر میں وفات ہوئی۔سالہا سال سے بالکل معذور ہوگئے تھے لیکن وضع میں ذرافرق نہیں آیا۔ان کااخبار ’البشیر‘ بھی برابر جاری رہا اوراسکول کی ترقی کے خیال سے وہ کبھی سبکدوش نہیں ہوئے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ جنت الفردوس میں ان کو جگہ عطافرمائے اورمسلمانوں کوتوفیق دے کہ وہ ان کی یادگار کونہ صرف یہ کہ باقی رکھیں بلکہ اور اس کو ترقی دیں۔ [جولائی۱۹۵۶ء]
Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) progresses from hepatocyte inflammation to fibrosis, regeneration, cirrhosis and in some cases to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). In general, the main etiologies of Liver Cirrhosis (LC) are viral infections (hepatitis C and B viruses), chronic alcohol abuse and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), including Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH). Major complications of CLD are ascites, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, jaundice (acute or chronic) and hepatic encephalopathy. Objectives: This study assesses the etiological factors and complications of CLDin a tertiary care hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: Study was carried out in indoor and Accident & Emergency Departments of Mayo Hospital Lahore. 100 clinically diagnosed CLD cases were chosen through “Convenient Sampling” technique during 3 months. Observations: Most common complications of CLD were upper GI variceal Bleeding (48%) & hepatic encephalopathy (34%) and acute or chronic hepatitis (AVH) (33%). Other less common complications observed were hepatorenal syndrome (10%), Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (15%), Ascites (5%) and HCC (10%). Conclusions: Hepatitis C was found as main etiological factor of CLD. Bleeding andhepatic encephalopathy are the common complications. Awareness programmes regarding CLD and its complications are mandatory in our society to improve human health.
A nanoparticle phenomenon is interesting due to the fact that it behaves like a bridge between substance and its atomic/molecular structure. As particles of a material break and approach their nano size, their intrinsic properties change quite dramatically. For example, platinum which is an inert element at macro scale becomes a catalyst at nano scale. Similarly silicon insulators become conductors and gold which is solid, inert and yellow, changes itself to a red liquid with unusual catalytic properties at nano scale. Thus nanoparticles have considerably different attributes as compared with particles of the same species and not in nanoscale. Nanotechnology is a rising science of today. It is growing swiftly and has numerous applications in almost every discipline of our daily life e.g., in medicines, foodstuff, chemicals, automobiles and many more. Nanoparticle study is at present a part of focused and systematized notice due to a comprehensive range of its possible uses in biomedical, optical, material manufacturing, transportation, energy and electronic fields. Since last two decades nanofluids have attracted the attention of scientists as an important research topic. Due to their intense use in extremely progressive technical and biomedical devices such as in nuclear reactors, microchips cooling, radiators and nano medications etc., nano particles are quite useful. Being comprised of low molecular mass but high thermal conductance, these fluids are considered to be vastly effective cooling managers. Rotating fluids flow over elastic stretching sheets are fairly apparent in several industrial procedures such as material management conveyers, extrusion of elastic panes and cooling of an endless metal plate in a cooling bath. Furthermore in procedure of glass blowing, constant moulding, and turning of fibres also consist of the rotary flow over enlarging surface. The role of stretching is of vital importance as can be visualized in above procedures in which flow of heat and mass is produced by the stretching practice of surface. The properties preferred for a result of such a progression would mostly rest on two features. First is the rate of cooling of fluid and second is the rate of stretching surface boundary on which liquid is lying. During the engineering procedure, heat transmission level at the stretched surface is deeply perceived as it is much related with the quality of the ultimate product. Keeping in view this outstanding feature of the modern day development engineering, numerous investigators have concentrated their attention on this precise area of study.