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Thesis Info

Author

Ahmed Abdullah Tariq

Supervisor

Shahela Saif

Department

Department of Computer Science

Program

BCS

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676719836153

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تہذیبی و سماجی تناظر

تہذیب عربی زبان کا لفظ ہے۔عربی میں یہ لفظ تراشنا،کانٹ ،چھانٹ کرنا،اصلاح کرنا،سنوارنا ،بچے کی اخلاقی تربیت کرنا اور اسے شائستہ بنانا کے معنوں میں استعمال ہوتا ہے ۔اُردو زبان میں لفظ تہذیب کے معانی اصلاح ،صفائی ،آراستگی ،ذہنی ترقی،شائستگی ،ادب و تمیز،طرزِ معاشرت ،رہنے سہنے کا انداز و تمدن ہے ،کلچر وہ مرکب کل ہے جس میں عقیدہ ،علم ،آرٹ،اخلاق،قانون ،رسم و رواج اور دیگر قابلتیں اور عادات شامل ہیں ۔جن کا انسا ن نے معاشرے کے ایک فرد کی حیثیت سے اکتساب کیا ہو۔مختصر یہ کہ تہذیب سے مراد ایک کثیر آبادی والے منظم معاشرے کی وہ تمام ذہنی و مادی سرگرمیاں ہیں جو نسلِ انسانی کی بقا ،معاشرے کی تنظیم ،قدرتی وسائل کا استعمال ،انسان کی روحانی و اخلاقی تربیت اور جمالیاتی حس کے لیے کی جائیں۔

          سیالکوٹ کی تہذیب قدامت کے لحاظ سے پانچ ہزار سال سے بھی پہلے کے آثار ظاہر کرتی ہے۔راجہ شل نے اس تہذیب کو پروان چڑھانے میں اہم کردار ادا کیا۔’’مہابھارت‘‘ میں راجہ شل کی نگری ’’شاکل ‘‘ کا ذکر ملتا ہے۔(۳۶)

          ہندوؤں کی مشہور کتاب ’’مہا پور نیا‘‘ ہندی میں ہے۔اس کا قدیم نسخہ سرائے بھا بھڑیاں کے لالہ اوم پرکاش نے تاریخ سیالکوٹ کے مصنف رشید نیاز کو ۱۹۴۲ء میں دیا تھا۔(۳۷)

          اس کا ایک اقتباس پیش کیا جاتا ہے:

گیانی حام کے چھہ لڑکے تھے ۔ایک کانام ہنددوسرے کا نام سندھ،تیسرے کانام حبش ، چوتھے کانام افریج ،پانچویں کا نام ہرمز اور چھٹے کانام بویہ تھا۔سب سے بڑے لڑکے ہند نے بھارت کی بنیاد رکھی ۔ہند کے مشہور شہروں میں ایک مشہور شہر سیالکوٹ تھا۔یہ شہر جمبو(جموں) کے ڈھلوان میں آ پکا ندی کے کنارے آبا دہے۔راجہ بکر ماجیت سے ایک ہزار سال پہلے اس شہر پر راجہ کلدیوبھانی کی...

موجودہ معاشرتی اضطراب اور اس کا حل: سیرت طیبہﷺ کی روشنی میں

Social anxiety is the fear of interaction with other people that brings on self-consciousness, feelings of being negatively judged and evaluated, and, as a result, leads to avoidance. Social anxiety is the fear of being judged and evaluated negatively by other people, leading to feelings of inadequacy, inferiority, embarrassment, humiliation, and depression. The major causes of Social anxiety are Rights abuses, Provocation, corruption, murder, Law-lessens, nepotism, Prejudices, grouping, Propaganda and carelessness. All of these things are causes of the destruction of a prosperous society. Because of these each individual of society remains restive and society become victims of violence. In this paper the social anxiety conditions and its solution will be described in detail in the light of seerah.

Bacterial Assisted Phytoremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil

Petroleum hydrocarbons are recalcitrant compounds and their adverse environmental and public health effects demand that efficient and eco-friendly remediation technologies be devised as countermeasures. The synergistic use of plants and bacteria is considered as one of the efficient technologies for the restoration of crude oil-contaminated soil. The studies performed in this thesis were aimed to (ⅰ) isolate and characterize bacteria associated with the plants growing well in crude oil-contaminated soil, (ⅱ) study the effect of augmentation of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria on plant growth and crude oil degradation in vitro and in vivo. A large number of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric soil, root and shoot interior of grasses (Lolium perenne, Leptochloa fusca, Brachiaria mutica) and trees (Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia ampliceps) vegetated in crude oil-contaminated soil. The rhizospheric soil yielded 22 (59.45%), root interior yielded 9 (24.32%) and shoot interior yielded 6 (16.21%) hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. These bacteria possessed genes encoding alkane hydroxylase and showed multiple plant growth-promoting activities. Bacillus (48.64%) and Acinetobacter (18.91%) were dominant genera found in this study. Green house studies revealed that augmentation with crude oil-degrading bacteria enhanced plant growth and crude oil degradation. Colonization and metabolic activity of the endophytes were higher in the rhizosphere and endosphere of B. mutica than L. fusca. The plant species affected not only colonization pattern and biofilm formation of the inoculated bacteria in the rhizosphere and endosphere of the host plant, but also affected the expression of alkane hydroxylase gene, alkB. The beneficial plant-bacteria partnership was applied in the vicinity of an oil exploration and production company for the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. Bacterial augmentation improved plant growth, enhanced crude oil degradation, and reduced soil toxicity and these were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those where plants or bacteria were used individually. A positive relationship (r = 0.70) observed xiv between alkB gene expression and crude oil reduction indicates that expression of catabolic gene (alkB) is important for hydrocarbon mineralization. On the basis of in vitro and in vivo studies, it is concluded that for practical application, support of potential bacteria combined with the grasses is more effective approach than the use of plants and bacteria individually. This technology can be applied for effective remediation of crude oil-polluted sites.