9. Al-Tawbah/The Immunity
I seek Allah’s protection
from the satanic, the accursed and evil forces within the human soul and social environment.
09:01
a. This is a declaration of immunity from Allah and HIS Messenger to those of the polytheists with whom you have a treaty.
09:02
O the polytheists!
You can move about freely in the land for the next four months,
but know that you can never escape the Power of Allah,
and that Allah can always humble those who will dishonor this treaty.
09:03
Here is a proclamation from Allah and HIS Messenger to all people gathered on this Great Day of the Hajj -
that Allah is not bound by any treaty with the polytheists, and so is HIS Messenger.
So, if you would only repent of disbelief, it will be better for you,
but if you turn away, then know that you can never escape the Power of Allah.
So give the good news to those who insist on disbelief of an awful punishment.
09:04
However, the exception is for those of the polytheists with whom you have a treaty,
and they have
neither failed you in anything,
nor assisted anyone against you.
So as for those who fulfill your treaty/obligations and comply with them to the end of their term of the treaty.
Indeed, Allah loves those who are mindful of their obligations in complying with the foregoing Injunctions.
09:05
But once these four sacred months of truce are over,
then slay the polytheists wherever you find them, and
arrest them, and
besiege them in their settlements, and
ambush them at every likely place of ambush.
However,...
This study aims to draw a comparative analysis of the powers of local governments in Karachi. The subject of local government structure and its authority has become more important in the current local scenario. The findings of the study reveal that in past successive civilian governments in Pakistan did not pay attention to developing a solid local government system and instead preferred controlling districts and tehsils through the bureaucracy, with the absence of democracy and accountability at the local level. Instead of using this third tier of the government for the delivery of swift and better municipal services, they always made an effort to keep them weakened through legislation at different levels. The situation has now got worst in the biggest city and economic hub of Pakistan where people are deprived of basic facilities due to a handicapped system. The Mayor of the biggest city of Pakistan felt powerless as the provincial government through the Sindh Local Government Act 2013 deprived the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation of its main functions. The local bodies will have to be given the authority and essential powers. Only then these institutions can be made capable of providing basic services to the people.
This study investigated the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different barbecued meat available in District Peshawar and the effect of various grilling methods on PAH levels. PAHs refer to a large group of organic chemicals that may be present in the environment as pollutants some PAHs are considered as possibly or probably carcinogenic to humans. Four types of barbecued meats, namely beef, mutton, chicken and fish were studied. A total of 240 barbecued as well as raw meat samples were collected from local food vendor spots or general restaurants, and control samples of gas and Electric grilled meat samples were prepared in laboratory and analyzed. The study covered three aspects; included; Proximate Analysis of the barbecued meat, analysis for PAHs and Heavy metals. The attention was focused on the EPA priority PAHs as they include the eight PAHs recently indicated, the most suitable indicators for the presence of carcinogenic and genotoxic PAHs in foodstuffs (EFSA 2008European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2008. Smoking or grilling, when carried out with traditional methods involving direct contact with wood combustion fumes, produces high contamination levels with release of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The main findings of this study reveals that the PAH content of different smoked or grilled meat products commonly consumed in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa Pakistan using traditional systems, which use a wood fire, were observed heavily contaminated. Considerably lower contamination levels were found in samples smoked or grilled in the laboratory using a gas grilling and electric grilled procedures. Results revealed that grilling on coals generated high levels of PAHs as compared to other grilling procedures like electric and gas grilling. Among the meats the highest concentrations of PAHs were detected in mutton meat. The heavy metal content of unmarinated meat was found to be higher when compared with marinated meat samples, so it depicted possible preventive effect of marination in minimizing the toxicants levels in meat. The lead, nickel and cadmium content of fish meat was observed higher in fish meat similarly the chrysene, naphthalene, flourenthene and DBAHA concentrations were also found high in fish meat. Furthermore this research observed the factors that might be helpful in minimizing the level of meat contaminants if practiced with traditional grilling procedures like grilling with coverings and marination of samples before grilling. The findings of the conducted research revealed that the fat content of mutton was found higher as compared to other meats and the possible factor responsible for this was assessed that the mutton is barbecued with lard. Whereas other meats were properly trimmed before barbecuing and mostly lean beef was used for barbecuing. The protein content of various meats was also assessed and protein content of chicken was found higher among other meats. Quality of the food ingredients at street shops was found unsatisfactory, this might be due to the factor that the shops located in streets were very small and quality of ingredients was inferior as compared to the shops near road sides which were comprised of comparatively large scale and using good quality food ingredients. location of shops seemed to be significant (P> 0.05) with the cleanliness and shops nearby road entailed satisfactory cleanliness rather than congested street located shops as the pollutants emissions near road side shops did not directly affected the meat , whereas in streets the sources of pollution were found to be in close or direct contact with the meat.