۲۔ھل استفہامیہ
جب اللہ تعالیٰ مجرموں کو جہنم میں ڈالیں گے تو پھر اس سے پوچھیں گے۔ارشادِ باری تعالیٰ ہے:
۱-"هَلِ امْتَلَاْتِ وَتَقُوْلُ هَلْ مِنْ مَّزِيْدٍ "۔[[1]]
"کیا تو بھر چکی اور وہ کہے گی کیا کچھ اور بھی ہے۔ "
اس کے دو مطلب ہو سکتے ہیں ۔ایک یہ کہ " میرے اندر اب مزید آدمیوں کی گنجائش نہیں ہے۔ " دوسرے یہ کہ " اور جتنے مجرم بھی ہیں انہیں لے آیئے " پہلا مطلب لیا جائے تو اس ارشاد سے تصور یہ سامنے آتا ہے کہ مجرموں کو جہنم میں اس طرح ٹھونس ٹھونس کر بھر دیا گیا ہے اس میں ایک سوئی کی بھی گنجائش نہیں رہی، حتیٰ کہ جب اس سے پوچھا گیا کی کیا تو بھر گئی تو وہ گھبرا کر چیخ اٹھی کہ کیا ابھی اور آدمی بھی آنے باقی ہیں؟
یہاں یہ سوال پیدا ہوتا ہے کہ جہنم سے اللہ تعالیٰ کے اس خطاب اور اس کے جواب کی نوعیت کیا ہے؟ کیا یہ محض مجازی کلام ہے؟ یا فی الواقع جہنم کوئی ذی روح اور ناطق چیز ہے جسے مخاطب کیا جا سکتا ہو اور وہ بات کا جواب دے سکتی ہو؟ اس معاملہ میں قطعیت کے ساتھ کچھ نہیں کہا جا سکتا ممکن کہ یہ مجازی کلام ہو اور محض صورت حال کا نقشہ کھینچنے کے لیے جہنم کی کیفیت کو سوال و جواب کی شکل میں بیان کیا گیا ہو، لیکن یہ بات بھی بالکل ممکن ہے کہ یہ کلام مبنی بر حقیقت ہو ۔ اس لیے کہ دنیا کی جو چیزیں ہمارے لیے جامد و صامت ہیں ان کے متعلق ہمارا یہ گمان کرنا درست نہیں ہو سکتا کہ وہ...
1. The Stylistics of Holy Qur'an is way beyond human potential and capabilities. Its diction, semantics and phraseology is unique which is not found in any of man's writings.
2. The range of its stylistics is such that it impresses all and sundry simultaneously. Thus our Holy Qur'an exceeds in rhetoric and stylistics.
3. The stylistics of Qur'an is such that it holds a universal appeal for all times to come despite of the drastic evolutionary change in human society over a time period. The Holy Qur'an has not lost its relevance and freshness uptil now and neither shall it do so till the Day of Resurrection.
4. The Holy Qur'an addresses people belonging to all strata of society from a layman to a universe don. Each person may interpret and appreciate the miraculous Ayah's of Qur'an according to their own caliber and understanding. It offers straight direct teachings to the commoners whereas a scholar may
unfold and marvel at its depth and delicate intricacies.
5. The miracles of the previous prophets were sensual in nature. They could be perceived through our senses. Yet the miracle of our Holy Prophet i.e. Holy Qur'an holds its dynamic appeal rationally and logically. It shall remain so till all times to come.
6. The salient features of the stylistics of Holy Qur'an are as follows: Its simultaneous brevity as well as comprehensive nature; its universal appeal to all and sundry; its precise summation yet in other places its elaborate detailing; its unique super human stylistics; its rhythm and variety phonetically and semantically; its recurrence and repeated mentions of incidents and topics; its
The relationship between the bank profitability and bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic factors
has important implications for a host of public policy questions. In current study, unbalanced panel data on 51
scheduled banks and 6 DFIs over a period of 2001 to 2013 has been used to provide novel estimates of bank
profits and it influential factors. The empirical strategy exploits the relationship between the current profits
with previous year profits to identify the dynamic characteristics of the model of bank profitability in addition
to the bank specific, industry specific and macroeconomic estimates. The continuity in bank profits in Pakistan
allows the current study to model the lagged profitability as determinants of bank profitability.
Further this study modeled the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis (SCP); it reflects the setting of
prices that are less favorable to consumers (lower deposit rates, higher loan rates) in more concentrated
markets as a result of competitive imperfections in these markets and lead supernormal profits. A related
theory is also modeled by the current study, the relative-market-power hypothesis (RMP), which asserts that
only firms with large market shares and well differentiated products are able to exercise market power in
pricing these products and earn supernormal profits.
The results for current study has been obtained by us two-step generalized method of moments (GMM)
technique, it deals well with the dynamic panel data sets. The results for the current study are significant and
supported by the previous literature. In bank specific characteristics, lagged bank profitability, capital ratio and
size found to have positive relationship with bank profits while management inefficiency and credit risk
variable found to have negative and significant relationship with bank profits. In industry specific variables
concentration ratio found positively associated with bank profitability.
In macroeconomic factors like inflation, GDP growth rate and market capitalization have positive while money
supply growth rate found to have negative effects on bank profits.